| A | B |
|---|
| Chemical Bonding | The combining of atoms of elements to form new substances. |
| Valence Electrons | The electrons in the outermost energy level. |
| energy levels | where electrons live |
| First Energy Level | can hold up to 2 electrons |
| Second Energy Level | can hold up to 8 electrons |
| The Noble Gases | inert (don’t react w/ anything) because their outer shell is full. |
| Atoms are happy (they do not react) | when their outer energy level is full. |
| Ionic bonds | are bonds that involve the transfering of electrons. (Stealing of electrons) |
| Positive ions form when | electrons are lost. |
| Negative ions form when | electrons are gained. |
| Ionization | The process of removing electrons to form an ion. |
| Ionization Energy | the energy it takes to remove electrons to form an ion. |
| atoms w/ few valence electrons | have a low ionization energy and electron affinity |
| atoms w/ many valence electrons | have a high ionization energy and electron affinity |
| Covalent compounds (MOLECULES) | non-metals bonded together w/ covalent bonds |
| Covalent bonds | DO NOT FORM IONS, arise from a sharing of electrons. The nucleus(+) of each atom attracts the |
| Metallic Bonds | A network of positively charged metal nuclei and free roaming electrons |
| The Row tells you... | the number of energy levels |
| The Column tells you... | the number of valence electrons |
| Calcium | Ca+2 (gave up two electrons) |
