| A | B |
|---|
| Leadership | Leadership is the act of influencing others toward a goal. |
| Formal leaders | Formal leaders hold a position of authority and may utilize the power that comes from their position, as well as their personal power to influence others. |
| Informal leaders | Informal leaders are without a formal position of authority within the organization but demonstrate leadership by influencing those around us through personal forms of power. |
| Task oriented leader behaviors | Task oriented leader behaviors involve structuring the roles of subordinates, providing them with instructions and behaving in ways that will increase the performance of the group. (Also called initiating structure.) |
| People oriented leader behaviors | People oriented leader behaviors include showing concern for employee feelings and treating employees with respect. (Also called consideration.) |
| Authoritarian decision making | Authoritarian decision making occurs when leaders make the decision alone without necessarily involving employees in the decision making process. |
| Democratic decision making | Democratic decision making occurs when leaders and employees participate in the making of the decision. |
| Laissez-faire decision making | Laissez-faire decision making occurs when leaders leave employees alone to make the decision. The leader provides minimum guidance and involvement in the decision. |
| Directive leaders | Directive leader provide specific directions to their employees. They lead employees by clarifying role expectations, setting schedules, and making sure that employees know what to do on a given work day. |
| Supportive leaders | Supportive leaders provide emotional support to employees. They treat employees well, care about them on a personal level, and are encouraging. |
| Participative leaders | Participative leaders make sure that employees are involved in the making of important decisions. |
| Achievement oriented leaders | Achievement oriented leaders set goals for employees and encourage them to reach their goals. |
| Transformational leaders | Transformational leaders lead employees by aligning employee goals with the leader's goals. These leaders use their charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration to influence their followers. |
| Transactional leaders | Transactional leaders ensure that employees demonstrate the right behaviors because the leader provides resources in exchange. These leaders provide contingent rewards, and management by exception. |
| Charisma | Charisma refers to behaviors leaders demonstrate which create confidence, commitment, and admiration to the leader. |
| Inspirational motivation | Inspirational motivation refers to when leaders come up with a vision that is inspiring to others. |
| Intellectual stimulation | Intellectual stimulation means that leaders challenge organizational norms and status quo, and encourage employees to think creatively and work harder. |
| Individualized consideration | Individualized consideration means that leaders show personal care and concern for the well being of their followers. |
| Contingent rewards | Contingent rewards mean rewarding employees for their accomplishments. |
| Active management by exception | Active management by exception involves leaving employees alone but at the same time proactively predicting potential problems and preventing them from occurring. |
| Passive management by exception | Passive management by exception is leaving employees alone but then coming to the rescue if anything goes wrong. |
| Trust | Trust is the belief that the other party will show integrity, fairness, and predictability in one's actions toward the other. |
| A high LMX relationship | A high LMX relationship is a high quality, trust-based relationship between a leader and a follower. |
| A low quality LMX relationship | A low quality LMX relationship refers to a situation where the leader and the employee have lower levels of trust, liking and respect toward each other. |
| Servant leadership | Servant leadership is a leadership approach which defines the leader's role as serving the needs of others. |
| Authentic leadership approach | Authentic leadership approach refers to effective leaders who stay true to themselves. |
