| A | B |
|---|
| 3 things that will affect a film badge | Heat, humidity, mechanical pressure |
| 3 kinds of field survey instruments | Geiger-Muller counter, scintillation detector, ionization chamber |
| Distance beta particles can travel in air | 10 to 100 cm |
| Somatic effects become evident in_____? | Exposed individuals |
| The measurement of a rad | 100 ergs/gram |
| 2 kinds of particulate radiation associated with radioactive decay. | Alpha and beta |
| 3 properties of alpha particles | From heavy elements, positive charge, greater mass than other particulate radiation |
| Weighting factor for x- or gamma | One |
| Field survey instrument that only dectects the presence of radiation | Geiger-Muller counter |
| % of biological effect from indirect actions. | 66.7% or 2/3 |
| Definition of gray | 1 Joule/kg |
| X-ray interaction involves transfer of energy from ___ to ___. | Photon, matter |
| 3 biological effects of ionizing radiation | Cancer, life-span shortening, developmental abnormalities |
| Factors that influence the effect of exposure. | Total dose, cell sensitivity, type of radiation |
| What does an alpha particle contain? | 2 protons and 2 neutrons |
| Distance an alpha particle will travel in air | 5 cm |
| Scintillators emit what when exposed to radiation? | Light |
| One rad is equal to _____. | .01 Gy or 10 mGy |
| Monthly equivalent dose limit for an embryo | 0.05 rem |
| Types of interactions that cause biological damage. | Direct and indirect |
| 4 types of personnel monitoring devices | Film badge, TLD, OSL, pocket dosimeter |
| X-ray and gamma rays are what type of radiation? | Electromagnetic |
| What are 2 categories of ionizing radiation? | Particulate and electromagnetic |
| Define a Roentgen. | Quantity of x or gamma rays required to produce a given amount of ionization in a unit mass of air. |
| Interaction with what molecule in the body results in the indirect effect? | Water |
| What technical factors are chosen to minimize patient dose? | High kVp, low mAs |
| What will primary barriers stop? | Primary and secondary radiation, and some of the useful beam. |
| Protective devices. | Lead aprons, gloves and glasses. |
| If the distance between a person and the x-ray tube is doubled, exposure will be reduced by a factor of ___. | Four |
| Secondary barriers stop what type of radiation? | Scatter and leakage. |
| What is the annual effective dose limit for infrequent exposure? | 0.5 rem or 5 mSv |
| What agency is responsible to protecting the public and occupationally exposed people? | Nuclear Regulatory COmmission |
| Define dose limit | Radiation exposure limits pertiment to the protection of radiation workers. |
| 3 deterministic effects of ionizing radition. | Sterility, skin erythema, cataracts |
| The size of the x-ray beam should be restricted to the size of _____. | The area of interest. |
| Natural sources of radiation. | Cosmic, terrestrial, radionuclides in the body |
| What percent of the annual GSD comes from diagnostic x-ray? | 15 to 23% |
| Unit that measures exposure. | 2.58 x 10 -4 C/kg |
| Units that measures effective dose. | Rem and sievert |
| 0.02 Sv = ____ rem | Two |
| Annual effective dose limit for a student in the program. | 1 mSv or 0.1 rem |
| Lead equivalency required for lead aprons and gloves. | From 0.25 to 1 mm |
| 2 purposes of a filter | Remove low-energy photons, reduce patient dose |
| Minimum filtration required for equipment using more than 70 kVp | 2.5 mm aluminum equivalency |
| Time when fetus is most radiosensitive | 8 to 15 weeks |
| Average lead glass window of shielded control booth is ____ mm PB equivalent? | 1.5 |
| Leakage from x-ray tube house cannot exceed _______. | 100 mR/hr at 1 meter |
| If you get 200 mR at 40", what will you get at 72"? | 62 mR |
| If you get 10 mR/week at 84 inches, what is it at 42 inches? | 40 mR |
| 3 cardinal principles | Time, distance, shielding |
