| A | B |
|---|
| This is when the lower esophageal sphincter fails to open and let food pass. | Achalasia |
| The most common symptom of achalasia. | Dysphagia |
| 4 possible treatments used with achalasia | Oral medication, dilation, surgery, injection of Botox |
| A bowel obstruction where the bowel doesn't function properly but there is no mechanical or anatomic problem. | Ileus |
| The leading cause of small bowel obstructions. | Postoperative adhesions |
| Leading cause of large bowel obstructions. | Malignancies |
| A digestive disease that damages the small intestine and interferes with absorption of nutrients. | Celiac disease |
| Treatment for celiac disease. | Lifelong gluten-free diet |
| Chronic inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract. | Crohn's disease |
| Type of Chron's disease that affects the lowest part of the small intestine and the large colon. | Ileocolitis |
| Age range that is most common for Crohn's disease. | 15 to 35 |
| A small bulging sac pushing outward from the colon wall. | Diverticulosis |
| Risk factor for diverticulosis. | Diet low in fiber or high in fat |
| Prognosis for diverticulosis. | Excellent |
| Form of varicose veins in the esophagus because of increased blood pressure. | Esophageal varices |
| Most common cause of esophageal varices | Cirrhosis of the liver |
| Symptoms of esophageal varices. | Vomiting blood, black tarry stools, decreased urine output. |
| Prognosis for esophageal varices. | Poor |
| Two types of hiatal hernias. | Sliding and paraesophageal |
| Type of hiatal hernia that is most common. | Sliding |
| Type of hiatal hernia where part of the stomach gets trapped in the thorax. | Paraesophageal |
| Causes of a hiatal hernia. | Coughing, straining, increased pressure in abdomen |
| What other problem can a hiatal hernia lead to? | Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| What is missing from the bowel in Hirschsprung's disease? | Nerve fibers |
| An example of a health problem children with Hirschsprung's disease can have. | Down's syndrome |
| Children with Hirschsprung's disease have this symptom. | Constipation |
| Used to confirm the absence of ganglia cells when x-rays appear normal in Hirschsprung's disease. | Tissue biospy |
| When one portion of the bowel slides into the next. | Intussusception |
| A _____________ can be ordered to both diagnose and treat an intussusception. | Barium or air enema |
| When muscles are enlarged and keep food from emptying out of the stomach. | Pyloric stenosis |
| Symptom of pyloric stenosis. | Projectile vomiting |
| Gender in which pyloric stenosis is most common. | Male |
| Name of surgical procedure used to treat pyloric stenosis. | Pyloromyotomy |
| Ulcerative colitis begins in what part of the digestive tract? | Rectum |
| Two possible causes of ulcerative colitis. | Immune system response and heredity |
| Bleeding or bloody diarrhea are symptoms of ___________. | Ulcerative colitis |
| Age range when ulcerative colitis is most likely to occur. | 15 to 40 |
| Percentage of patients with ulcerative colitis that will eventually require removal of their colon. | 20 to 25 |
| A life-threatening bowel obstruction in which a loop of bowel has abnormally twisted on itself. | Volvulus |
| Most common site for a volvulus. | Sigmoid |
