| A | B |
|---|
| the muscle used in chewing and raises the mandible | masseter |
| what muscles raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| what muscle draws the lips together | orbicularis |
| this muscle rotates the head | sternocleidomastoid |
| when you do sit ups (flex trunk) you use this muscle | rectus abdominus |
| these muscles help flex the trunk and rotate the trunk laterally | external and internal oblique |
| this muscle is used in breathing | diaphragm |
| this muscle flexes the forearm (elbow) | biceps brachil |
| these muscles flex the hand (wrist) | flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris |
| these muscles flex the femur | psoas and iliacus |
| what is the action of the quadriceps femoris group of muscles | to extend the knee |
| the action of the hamstring muscles is to | flex the knee |
| the gastrocnemicus and soleus | plantar flex the foot |
| this muscle extends the toes | extensor digitorium |
| this posterior hip muscle extends femur | gluteus maximus |
| this large chest muscle adducts the upper arm | pectoralis major |
| this triangle shaped shoulder muscle abducts the upper arm | deltoid |
| which bone does the masseter and temporalis insert | mandible |
| what is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle | mastoid process of the temporal |
| what is the insertion for the rectus abdominis | ribs (costal cartilages of) |
| the serratus anterior and the pectoralis minor insert on the | scapula |
| the biceps brachii insert on to the | radius |
| the iliacus and psoas major muscles insert onto the | femur |
| these muscles insert onto the tibia by way of the patellar ligament | quadriceps |
| what are the functions of the muscular system | movement, heat production, and posture |
| what causes heat production | contraction |
| what are two characteristics of muscle tissue | contractility and extensibility |
| when something is contracting it is _________ in length | short |
| when something is extending is _______ in length | long |
| contractility is the heat or spleen of | ATP |
| epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium are all coverings of the | connective tissue muscle |
| what covering of tissue goes around the whole muscle | epimysium |
| what covering of tissue goes around the fascicles | perimysium |
| what covering of tissue goes around muscle fiber | endomysium |
| muscle fiber is the same as a | muscle cell |
| connective tissue (coverings) of the muscle ________ the deltoid | surronds |
| sarcoplasm, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, T tubules, and thin filaments are all parts of the | (skeletal) muscle cell |
| sarcoplasm is the | cytoplasm |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum is the | endoplasmic reticulum |
| the sarcolemma is the | plasma membrane |
| t tubules stand for | transverse tubules |
| t tubules are the | inward extensions of sarcolemma |
| what is myofibrils made up of | thin and thick myofilaments |
| what 2 muscle cells have t tubules and sacroplasmic reticulum | skeletal and carpal |
| what muscle cell does not have t tubules | smooth |
| what is the smallest contractile unit | sarcomere |
| ________ _________ contain many sarcomere | muscle cells |
| sarcomere goes from | one z line to the next z line |
| the light band is known as the | i band |
| where is the z line in the i band | in the middle |
| what dark band is known as the | a band |
| where is the h zone found in the middle of the | the dark band/a band |
| the h zone is known as the_______ ________ and things get stuck there | middle zone |
| what ions are needed for contraction | calcium |
| tick filaments contain what protein | myosin |
| thin filaments contain what proteins | actin, troponin, and tyopomyosin |
| actin is what color | pink/red |
| troponin is what color | yellow |
| calcium binds in | troponin |
| what neurotransmitter is needed for muscle contraction | acetylcholine |
| a threshold stimulus is needed for | contraction |
| acetylcholine receptor sites on the | sarcolemma |
| what is creatine phosphate used for | the regeneration of some ATP |
| what type of contraction is involuntary, very quick, and takes place in the skeletal muscles | twitch contraction |
| how long does a twitch contraction last | 1sec |
| the latent period, upswing (contraction) phase, downswing (relaxation) phase all occur in what contraction | twitch |
| what type of contractions occur during a gym work out | isotonic contractions |
| in isotonic contractions what changes | the length |
| in isometric contractions what changes | the tone |
| in isometric contractions what happens | the tone changes and the length does not |
| in isotonic contractions what happens | the length changes and the tone does not |
| what type of contractions occur during a physical therapy session | isometric contractions |
| why is isometric contractions used during physical therapy | because is does not pull on the ligaments |
| what is ATP used for in muscle contraction | energy to pull the thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere |
| ATP is a form of | energy |
| what is the graded strength principle | a stretch reflex, the greater the load the more the muscle cells will contract |
| if you increase a load, then more muscles will contract is an example of what | the graded strength principle |
| what type of muscle is attached to bones, voluntary, strations, and multinucleated | skeletal muscles |
| what type of muscles are found in the heart, involuntary, strations, and intercalated disc | cardiac muscle |
| what type of muscles are found in the walls of visceral organs, involuntary, no strations, and form a spindle (pointy) shape | smooth muscles |
| what two types of muscles are involuntary | cardiac and smooth |
| what is the only type of muscle that has no strations | smooth |
| what two types of muscles have strations | skeletal and cardiac |
| what cardiac muscle is found in the | heart |
| the smooth muscle is found in the | walls of visceral organs ( stomach, small intestines, kidney) |
| visceral organs include | the stomach, small intestines, and kidney |
| the skeletal muscle attaches to | bones |
| intercalated discs are overlapping discs found on the ________ muscle | cardiac |
| what muscle is relaxed | when a smooth muscle is contracted |
| what is the origin of the biceps brachii | scapula |
| what is the insertion for the biceps brachii | the radius |
| poliomyelitis disease is | viral |
| what type of muscular disease causes the polio-motor neurones not to contract and to get smaller, basically making the muscles paralyzed | poliomyelitis |
| muscular dystrophy occurs mostly in | males |
| what type of muscular disease causes gene mutation and is a genetic disease | muscular dystrophy |
| muscular dystrophy is when you are born with | progressive muscular weakness in your skeletal muscles from proteins that were mutated |
| myasthenia gravis is what type of muscular disease | autoimmune |
| what type of muscular disease causes antibodies to attack the neuromuscular juntion | myasthenia gravis |
| myasthenia gravis occurs mostly in | women |
| in myasthenia gravis the gets confused and starts attacking | its own tissues (skeletal tissues) |
| the myasthenia gravis muscular disease can.... | come and go |
| how many lever systems are there in the body | 3 |
| the first lever system allows for flexion, extension, and hyperextension of the | head |
| what lever system is an example of between the atlas and occipital condyles | 1st class lever |
| which lever system is most abundant | 3rd class lever |
| the 3rd class lever is an example of the _______ joint | elbow |
| the 2nd class lever system is an example of the joint between what | the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges of the foot |
| what lever class system is between the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges of the foot | 2nd class lever |
| the bone, joint, load on muscle, and contraction of muscle are parts of what | the lever system |
| the bone goes with the | bar |
| the fulcrum (triangle) goes with the | joint |
| the w-weight goes with the | load on muscle |
| the p-pull goes with the | contraction of muscle |
| the first class lever system deals with the head and consists of what part | fulcrum (joint) in the middle |
| an example of the second class function is to | raise the heel up (elevation) |
| in the 2nd class lever system during elevation what parts are present | muscle contraction (p), weight, then fulcrum (joint) |
| what lever class makes up the most joints in the body | 3rd |
| during the 3rd class lever system, when flexing the elbow what parts are being used | weight, muscle contraction (p), then fulcrum (joint) |
| synergistic muscles work | together |
| antagonistic muscles work | against each other/opposite |
| what are two muscles that are an example of synergistic | bicepts brachii and brahialist (flex elbow) |
| what are two muscles that are an example of antagonistic | bicepts brachii and tricepts brachii (extend elbow) |
| what are the 8 major parts of the mechanisms of contraction | impulse, diffusion, impulse, calcium, tropomyosin, myosin, thin filaments, and sarcomere |
| this stage of muscle contraction occurs because the stimulus from nerve goes to neuromuscular junctions and then releases acetylcholine | impulse 1 |
| during ________ neurotransmitter digguses across the neuromuscular junction and binds to the receptors on the muscle | diggusion |
| what goes from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the sarcoplama where is binds to troponin | calcium |
| in stage 8 of muscle contraction what shortens | sarcomere, causing the whole muscle cell to too |
| during stage 7 of muscle contraction what happens to the filaments | the thin filaments slide past the thick filaments |
| during stage 6 of muscle contraction what cross-bridges and binds to actin | myosin |
| what is used to pull the thin filaments toward the center of the sarcamere during stage 6 of muscle contraction | energy (ATP) |
| what respiration supplies the most ATP | aerobic |
| what respiration leads to oxygen debt and production of lactic acid | anaerobic |
| a motor unit is a | control mechanism |
| what is a threshold stimulant that motors neurons and muscle fibers to create a functional unit | a motor unit |
