| A | B |
|---|
| Agregation Chimera | combining two eairly embryos(blastocysts)into one developing embryo |
| Backcross (BC) | a mating system that transfers a given gene or chromosomal segment into a specific inbred strain background |
| Chimeric Mouse | a mouse having cells from more than one source |
| Blastocyst | a stage in Mammalian development in which eairly embryo cells are compacted to one side of the embrio |
| Coisogenic Strain | an inbred strain that differs from the origional inbred strain by a mutation that occured on that strain |
| Congenic Strain | a strain that is entirely one inbred strain except for a very small sequence or mutation from another strain |
| Domestication | Selection for traits that are useful to us |
| Enucleation | The removal of the nucleus from a fertilized egg |
| Epistasis | One Gene (e.g. albino) interferes with the phenotypic expression of another , non-allelic gene |
| Embryonic Stem ES Cells | Cells that are capable of forming all types of organ tissue |
| Female Pronucleus | Refers to the nucleus of the egg after the egg is fertilized |
| Fertilization | The process of sperm entry into an egg |
| Genetic Engineering | Changing from one organism to another or from in vitro to in vivo |
| Genomic DNA | DNA represnting the whole |
| Hybrid | Heterozygous for all or a majority of loci |
| In Vitro | Happening outside the animal |
| In Vivo | Happening inside the animal |
| Inbred Strain | Produced by a minimum of 20 consecutive generations of sister/brother or parent/offspring matings |
| Injection Chimera | A mouse created by putting ES cells from one strain into the blastocyst of another strain |
| Male Pronucleus | The nucleus from the sperm in a fertilized egg |
| Modifier Genes | Genes that "tweek" phenotypic expression |
| Phenocopy | An enviromentally induced appearance of two mice that have the same genotype |
| Phenotypic Variation | A phenotypic difference is the appearance of two mice that have the same variation |
| Pleiotropic | a gene having more than one effect on the phenotype |
| Polygenic Inheritance | Several , if not many , genes contribute to the phenotype (e.g. , Diabetes or height) |
| Pronuclear DNA Injection | DNA is placed in the male pronucleus (usually) |
| Quantitive Trait Loci (QTL) | Genes that influence the expression of a trait that involves many loci |
| Recombinant DNA | Hybrid DNA made in the lab (in vitro), and is often reintroduced into either the same or a differnt specis |
| Subline | A strain seperated by 20 generations or more from th origional strain |
| Targeted Knockout | Eliminating a specific gene`s function in vitro and then returning the mutated gene to the genome of the same species |
| Transgene | Genetic sequences processed for transfer to a differnt organism |
| Transgenic Mouse | A mouse carrying DNA that is often from a differnt species |
