| A | B |
|---|
| Gettysburg | This battle was the turning point of the Civil War for the Union |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Lincoln issued this to free all the slaves in the Confederate States |
| Preserve the Union | the main reason Lincoln and the North fought the Civil War in 1861 |
| Fort Sumter | The firing on this began the Civil War in 1861 |
| 1861-1865 | The dates for the Civil War |
| 1865-1877 | The dates for Reconstruction |
| Bull Run | The first real battle of the Civil War won by the South |
| Antietam | The Union victory at this battle allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation |
| Vicksburg | the Union capture of this city gave the North control of the Mississippi River |
| General William T. Sherman | Led a march of destruction through Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah |
| General Ulysses S. Grant | He led the Union armies to victory in 1865 |
| General Robert E. Lee | leader of the Confederate army |
| Appomattox Court House | Where Gen. Lee surrendered to Gen. Grant to end the war |
| conscription | another name for the draft which was used during the Civil War |
| New York City | site of a terrible draft riot that lasted four days in 1863 |
| habeas corpus | Lincoln suspended this during the war to silence opposition |
| more population, more banks, more railroads | Advantages of the North at the start of the Civil War |
| better generals, fighting for their own land | Advantages of the South in the Civil War |
| Border States | The five states that had slavery but did not leave the Union during the Civil War |
| Gettysburg Address | famous speech given by Lincoln during the war |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederacy during the Civil War |
| Confederate States | the eleven states that seceded from the Union in 1861 |
| South Carolina | the first state to secede from the Union |
| England | foreign nation that threatened to help the Confederacy during the war |
| John Wilkes Booth | the actor who assassinated Lincoln |
| 13th amendment | abolished slavery throughout the U.S. |
| 14th amendment | said all states must grant all citizens equal protection under the laws and due process |
| Radical Republicans | wanted to punish the South for the war and to protect the rights of the freedmen |
| Andrew Johnson | became President after Lincoln was killed |
| Tenure of Office Act | Radical Republicans said Johnson violated this act by firing Edwin Stanton |
| Radical Reconstruction | Began in 1867; placed soldiers in the South and required Southern states to ratify the 13th and 14th amendments |
| segregation | keeping the races apart from one another |
| integration | mixing the races together |
| Jim Crow Laws | these were passed to segregate the races after the 1880s |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | ruled that segregation is legal as long as it is "separate, but equal." |
| Pickett's Charge | famous assault at Gettysburg by the Confederates that ended in disaster |
| Copperheads | Northern Democrats who wanted to end the war and let the South have their own nation |
| Carpetbaggers | Northerners who went South after the war; many were dishonest |
| Scalawags | Southerners who helped the Carpetbaggers in the South |
| Ten Percent Plan | Name for Lincoln's Reconstruction plan that proposed to go easy on the South |
| 15th amendment | Said that states could not prevent someone from voting because of the their race or color |
| Ku Klux Klan | used terrorism to keep Blacks from voting during Reconstruction |
| Boss Tweed | corrupt leader of Tammany Hall in NYC who stole millions |
| Thomas Nast | Cartoonist who helped to capture Boss Tweed by drawing critical cartoons of Tweed |
| Whiskey Ring | scandal under President Grant in which the Sec. of the Treasury took bribes to not collect excise taxes on whiskey |
| Salary Grab | scandal under President Grant when Congress voted themselves a huge pay raise |
| federalism | the civil war was fought over this basic constitutional issue |
| Separation of Powers | Reconstruction was a battle involving this constitutional issue |
| blockade | the Union used this to keep the Confederacy from getting the supplies they needed from Europe |
| Compromise of 1877 | This settled the dispute about the election of 1876 and ended Reconstruction |
| Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka | This 1954 case ruled that school segregation was unconstitutional based on the 14th amendment |
| Sharecropping | what many Black men did for work after the Civil War |
| grandfather clause | these allowed white Southern men to avoid the literacy test requirement in order to vote |
| Black Codes | these were passed after the Civil War by many Southern states to limit the rights of the freedmen |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Gave food, clothing, medicine, and education to the freed slaves; our first welfare legislation |
| Home Rule | The South regained this as a result of the Compromise of 1877 |
