| A | B |
|---|
| the breaking down of glucose (in the presence of oxygen) to release usable cellular energy which is in the form of ATP; water and carbon dioxide are the resulting end products | cellular respiration |
| means: requiring oxygen | aerobic |
| means: not requiring oxygen | anaerobic |
| the first step in all types of cellular respiration; it is the initial breaking of the sugar and it does not require oxygen for this step | glycolysis |
| the organic molecule that glycolysis produces (along with hydrogen ions and electrons) | pyruvic acid |
| the second phase in aerobic respiration which takes place in a mitochondrion; the pyruvic acid is further altered into acetyl CoA, while ATP, hydrogen ions, electrons, and carbon dioxide are all released | citric acid cycle |
| the altered form of pyruvic acid that occurs in the citric acid cycle (also known as acetyl coenzyme A) | acetyl CoA |
| a series of aerobic reactions that gives off energy and combines hydrogen and oxygen to form water | hydrogen & electron transport system |
| the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, and then either to lactic acid or to alcohol & carbon dioxide | cellular fermentation |
| a type of cellular fermentation performed by yeast cells in the presence of no oxygen; it results in the creation of alcohol and carbon dioxide | alcoholic fermentation |
| a type of cellular fermentation that occurs in muscle cells when the oxygen is being depleted; this is also the chemical pathway in cheese-making; in both, lactic acid is the end product which causes fatigue in muscle cells and the sour taste in cheeses | lactic acid fermentation |
