| A | B |
|---|
| ego identity | is formed when youth develop a firm sense of who they are and what they stand for |
| role diffusion | when youth spread themselves too thin and experience personal uncertainty, and place themselves at the mercy of leaders who promise to give them a sense of identity they cannot develop for themselves |
| at-risk youth | young people who are extremely vulnerable to the negative consequences of school failure, substance abuse, and early sexual promoscuity |
| juvenile deliquency | participation in illegal behavior by a minor who falls under a statutory age limit |
| chronic juvenile offenders | youth who have been arrested 4 or more times and who perpetuate a striking majority of serious criminal acts (the chronic 6%) is believed to participate in a significant portion of all delinquent behavior and they do not age out of crime but continue to be offenders into their adult lives |
| juvenile justice system | the segment of the justice system , including law enforcement officers, the courts, and the correctional agencies, designed to treat deliquent offenders |
| paternalistic family | a family style where the father is the final authority on all family matters and excercises complete control over his wife and children |
| poor laws | english statutes that allowed the courts to appoint overseers for poor and neglected children, also allowing poor children to be be placed in homes as servants in the homes of the rich and powerful |
| chancory courts | court proceedings created in the fifteenth century England to oversee the lives of highborn minors who were orphaned or otherwise could not care for themselves |
| Parens patriae | the power of the state to act on behalf of a child and provide care and protection equivalent to that of a parent |
| child savers | nineteenth century reformers who developed programs for troubled youth and who influenced legislation creating the juvenile justice system |
| deliquent | juvenile who has been ajudicated by a judicial officer of a juvienile court as having committed a deliquent act |
| best interest of the child | a philosophical view point that encourages the state to take control of a wayward child and provide care, custody, and treatment to remedy delinquent behavior |
| need for treatment | the criteria on which juvenile sentencing is based; ideally juveniles are treated according to their needs for treatment and not for the seriousness of the crime they committed |
| waiver(aka bindover or removal) | transferring legal jurisdiction over the most serious and experienced juvenile offenders to the adult court for criminal prosecution |
| status offense | conduct that is illegal because of the child being underage |
| wayward minors | early legal designation of youth who violate the law because of their minority status ; now referred to as status offenders |
| office of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention (OJJDP) | Branch fo the U.S justice department charged with shaping national juvenile justice policy through disbursement of federal aid and research funds |
| federal burea of inverstigations | compiles info on the number of criminal acts committed and number of persons arrested |
| Uniform Crime Report | the most widely used source for statistics on national crime and delinquencies |
| Part 1 offenses | homicide, non negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, arson, and theft of a motor vehicle |
| Part 2 offenses | anything that is not a part 1 offense |
| disaggregated | analyzing the relationship between two independent variables (such as murder convictions and death sentence) while controlling for the influence of a dependent variable (such as race) |
| sampling | selected number of people to represent every one like them (few hispanic people to represent everyone in the hispanic community) |
| population | all the people who share a particular characteristic (all the high school students) |
| self-report survey | a survey you are supposed to fill out admitting to any delinquencies of crimes you have participated in |
| dark figures of crime | crimes that are committed but no one knows about ( no one gets caught) |
| racial threat theory | as the African American population increases so does the discrimination from the police proportionately |
| aging out process | growing out of committing crimes or delinquencies |
| age of onset | when a youth beings committing delinquencies |
| chronic recidivists | someone who has been arrested 5 or more times before the age of 18 |
| continuity of crime | the idea that chronic juvenile offenders are likely to continue to violate the law into adulthood |
| victimization | the number of people who fall victim to criminal acts. young teens are 15 times more likely to be the victims of crimes as older adults (65+) |
