| A | B |
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| What is the Criminal Justice System | consists of three main parts: (1) Legislative (create laws); (2) adjudication (courts); and (3) corrections (jails, prisons, probation and parole). |
| What is the Criminal Justice systems procedure | these distinct agencies operate together both under the rule of law and as the principal means of maintaining the rule of law within society. |
| 8 points of similarity between the adult juvenile system and the juvenile system | right to recieve miranda rights, to be processed by all rights listed by the law, right to counsel, access to plea bargaining, right to hearing and appeal, same standard of evidence- proof beyond a reasonable doubt(probable cause), to be placed on probation, can be held in jail or detection center before conviction or disposition. |
| how does texas legally define a child | over 10 under 17...legal break point in tx from childhood to adulthood is 16 |
| Differences between Adult/Juvenile | Adults recieve punishment--juveniles rehabilitation; Adult is formal and regimented--Juvenile is informed/flexible; Adult trials are open to the public--Juvenile trials are not open to the public |
| Adult terms | Crimes, Criminal, Arrest, Jail, Probation, Indictment, Arraignment, Trial, Convicted, Sentencing, Prison, Parole |
| Why is the terminology different for Juveniles than it is for Adults | To protect Juveniles from the taint of criminality and punishment in jail or prison/ prevent the stigma those terms like "criminal" bring. |
| Criminal Justice Procedure | Crime or delinquency comitted, invesigation, arrest(custody),initial appearance, prelliminary hearing(grand jury hearing), Indictment(Petition), Arraignment(not in Juv.Case), Trial(ajudication), Conviction(ajudicated)-probation, sentencing(disposition), jail or prise(detention center/rehabilitation), parole(aftercare) |
| probable cause | facts or circumstances which make a reasonable man to believe a crime has or is being committed |
| about how many juvenile arrests per year | 2million |
| during the past decade the number of youths arrested has declined including a significant decrease in those arrested because of a____ offense de d | violent |
| female deliquency has gone | up |
| African Americans are arrested more for | Robbery and Assault |
| White(European Americans) are arrested more for | arson and alcohol related offenses |
| Kids who engage in the most serious forms of delinquency are more likely to be members of what class | lower |
| delinquent rates_____ with age | decrease |
| As delinquents get older they commit _____ to no more delinquencies | fewer |
| Who is more likely the victim of a delinquency? | Males |
| _______People are more often the target than older people | younger |
| crime victimization usually occurs_________ | interracially |
| Juvenile Deliquency | The habitual committing of criminal acts or offenses by a young person, esp. one below the age at which ordinary criminal prosecution is possible |
| individual factors of juvenile offenders | teen parenthood, victimization+ exposure to violence, delinquent beliefs(only fists get even), anti-social behavior, favorable use of drugs and alcohol, poor refusal skills learned, early sexual involvement, poor cognitive development, emotional factors--such as behavioral , activation and low behavioral inhibition, intellectual disability, low intelligence, early access to a gun. |
| 6 factors of a broken society | children w/out parents, school w/out discipline, community w/out self control or regulation, benefits w/out efforts, crimes without punishments,priviledges w/out responsibilities |
| family factors of juvenile offenders | family history of problem behavior, parent criminality, family management problems, poor parental supervision or monitoring, poor family attachment or bonding, child maltreatment, pattern of high family conduct, family violence, having a young mother, broken home, sibling anti-social behavior,use of physical punishment or erratic discipline practices, low parent education level or illiteracy, maternal depression |
| school factors of juvenile offenders | poor academic performances, failure to bond, truency(failure to go to school at all), suspension, dropping out, learning disability, frequent school transitions, negative labeling by teachers, poorly organized and functioning schools, low academic aspirations |
| Profile of Male Offenders | Aggressive, destructive, anti-social |
| Female Profile | abused, self harmful, substance abuse, economic conditions, dysfunctional family, victimization |
| purposes of Juvenile court | create court w/authority to hear designated kind of cases, to discuss procedured rules to be used in such cases, to provide for the best interest of juveniles at the same time protecting the interests of the family and society, protecting juvenile from stigmitazation (avoid labeling juv who do not deserve the label of delinquent, prevent the Juv court from becoming so informal tha tthose who are a threat to the community remain at Large, maintaining family unit, constitutional rights are recognized and enforced where a high standard of proof of est. delinquent is strictly enforced |
| Depraved child | w/ out parental care or control, substinence or education required by law that physical, mental, or emotional health or morals, and its not due to financial means of parents, guardianor other custodians--has been placed for care or adoption in violation of the law--has been abandoned by parents or guardian--is without legal custodian or parent |
| 4 points to define an unruly child | child who is truant constantly, habitually disobedient of parents or guardians, has committed status offenses, in any of the foregoing is in need of treatment or rehabilitation |
| the unruly child is classified as the | acticities that are noncriminal or minor violation they need aids and services not in a deliquent center |
| exclusive jurisdiction | jv court will be the only court empowered too proceed a case and all other courts dont get jurisdiction |
| concurrent jurisdiction | under certain specified or certain criminal acts both juv court have concurrently the jurisdiction on the same case |
