| A | B |
|---|
| Munich Conference | Meeting among European countries to address Germany's invasion of Czechoslavakia. Britian and France followed an appeasement policy. |
| Adolf Hitler | Fascist/totalitarian leader of Germany during World War II; he was the leader of the German Nazi party |
| 60 million | Number of people killed during World War II |
| United Nations | International peace keeping institution created after WWII; designed to replace the League of Nations |
| kamikaze aircraft | A new military tactics of WWII; Japanese pilot guided suicide attacks that occurred toward the end of the Pacific war. |
| radar | New military technology of WWII that aided Britain in successfully defending in the Battle of Britain |
| aerial bombing | new military tactic during World War II that targeted civilians in urban areas |
| Rape of Nanking or Nanjing | Example of the increased brutatlity that occurred during World War II; Japanese attacked Chinese capital and killed unarmed soldiers, citizens, and raped women |
| revisionist powers | Germany, Italy, and Japan wished to change the terms or effects of the Treaty of Versailles |
| blitzkrieg | New military tactic of WWII; Germany used fighter planes to scatter enemies, then tanks to roll over enemy lines; then infantry to invade and occupy |
| Berlin Wall | Built by the Soviet Union to keep the communist controlled citizens from escaping to democratic and free regions |
| African campaign | The Allied Powers plan of attacking Germany from the south |
| Cold War | The relationship between the two superpowers after WWII that was characterized by tension, competition in space, sports, and military buildup, and proxy wars |
| D-Day | The Allied Powers landing on the beaches at Normandy signaled the beginning of the end for Germany |
| comfort houses | The Japanese army forcibly recruited women from Japanese colonies and occupied territories (China) to serve as prostitutes for the army. |
| Final Solution | Nazi plan to murder every Jew in Europe by evacuated them to camps in eastern Poland where they would be worked to death or exterminated |
| Axis Powers | World War II alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan |
| island hopping | US campaign during WWII of capturing key islands in the Pacific while making its way toward Japan. |
| Mussolini | Fascist dictator of Italy |
| West Germany | The Part of Germany that was initially controlled by the Allied Powers after WWII; later became a country that adopted democracy |
| Appeasement policy | Britian and France followed a policy where they gave in to Hitler or looked the other way rather than engaging in military combat. |
| Ethiopia | Before WWII, Italy conquered this country as a show of nationalism |
| Hong Kong, Vietnam, Singapore, Thailand, Phillipines, Malaya | Areas that were invaded and conquered by Japan during WWII |
| New weapons of WWII | Airplanes with bombs, aircraft carriers, atomic bombs, rocketry |
| East Germany | Part of Germany that was initially controlled by the Soviet Union; later became a communist country that was controlled by the Soviet Union |
| Vichy France | Puppet government of Germany |
| Allied Powers of WWII | Britain, France, Russia, and United States |
| Pearl Harbor | Naval base in Hawaii that was bombed by Japan and led to US entering WWII |
| remilitarization | After Hitler became the dictator of Germany, he began the process of building the military of Germany. This move was in defiance of the Treaty of Versailles |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | President of the US during the Great Depression and World War II |
| New Deal | an economic plan of President Roosevelt during the Great Depression to increase government spending in order to create jobs. |
| Prime Creditor nation | After World War I, the US replaced Britain as the major lender to other countries to promote economic growth |
| Dadism | A movement during the years between WWI and WWI that primarily involved visual arts, and literature, that was anti-war. Its purpose was to ridicule the meaninglessness of the modern world as its participants saw it. In addition to being anti-war, it was also anti-bourgeois and anarchistic in nature. |
| Contemporary art | Painters began to think of canvas not as a reproduction of reality, but a creation or interpretation of life. |
| Uncertainty principle | The indeterminacy of the atomic universe demanded that the exact calculations of classical physics be replaced by probability calculations. It had an unsettling effect beyond physics because it required that people reexamine established notions and truths. |
| Albert Einstein | A leader of the revolution in physics that occurred after World War I |
| Protectionism | During bad economic times after World War I nations imposed high tariffs on imported goods in order to protect their domestic industries. Unfortunately, this depressed the economies even more as it limited international trade. |
| John Maynard Keynes | Propsed an economic policy that was contrary to laissez-faire |
| Theory of relativity | Space and time are relative to the person measuring them. |
| Weimar Republic | Government in charge of Germany after World War I; Hitler blamed it for many of the weaknesses in the country |
| Postwar pessimism | A feeling of despair about the status of society after experiencing the horrors of World War One; writers and artists who were once enthusiastic about the excitement of war became disillusioned |
| Buying stock "on the margin" | One of the causes of the financial problems that contributed to the Great Depression |
| anti-semitism | Hatred and discrimination against Jews |
| Kristallnacht | Nazis destroyed thousands of Jewish stores and burned synagogues and murdered many Jews |
| Hitler's racial ideas | Hitler advocated the policy that Germans were racially superior to all others. He wanted to create a nation of racially pure Aryan people. |
| Xenophobia | A fear of foreign people; used by Hitler to promote his racial policies and nationalism |
| Fascism | The individual was subordinate to the state; devotion to a strong leader; emphasized ultranationalism, a fear of foreign people, and ethnocentrism; emphasized militarism |
| Mein Kampf | Written by Hitler while he was in prison; identifies capitalism, communism, and Jews as the enemies of the Germans |
| Nuremberg Laws | Deprived German Jews of their citizenship and prohibited marriage and sexual intercourse between Jews and other Germans. |
