| A | B |
| Einstein | E=mc squared |
| Proust | law of definite proportions |
| Becquerel | ability of uranium to expose photographic film |
| Marie and Pierre Curie | ability of radium to give off rays |
| Geiger, Marsden, and Rutherford | positively charged nucleus |
| Millikan | electron's charge |
| Thomson | electron's charge-to-mass ratio |
| Lavoisier | law of conservation of mass |
| Dalton | law of multiple proportions |
| Chadwick | neutrons |