| A | B |
|---|
| Adenoidectomy | Removal of adenoids |
| Adenoid Hypertrophy | Excessive development (enlargement) of adenoids |
| Adenoids | Collections of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx; also called pharyngeal tonsils |
| Alveolar | Pertaining to an alveolus |
| Alveolus (alveoli) | Air sac in the lung |
| Anosmia | Absence of the sense of smell |
| Apex of the lung | Uppermost portion of the lung |
| Apical | Pertaining to the apex |
| Apnea | Stoppage of breathing |
| Asphyxia | Decrease in the amount of oxygen and increase in amount of carbon dioxide in the blood, leading to absence of pulse |
| Bronchus | Branch of the trachea that acts as a passageway into the air spaces of the lung; plural--bronchi |
| Bronchiectasis | Dilation of bronchial tubes |
| Bronchioles | Smallest branches of the bronchi |
| Bronchiolitis | Inflammation of the bronchioles |
| Bronchospasm | Involuntary contraction of muscles in the walls of the bronchial tubes |
| Carbon Dioxide | A gas produces by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs |
| Cilia | The hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract |
| Cyanosis | Condition of bluish coloration of skin caused by decreased oxygen in the blood |
| Diaphragm | Muscle separating the chest and abdomen |
| Dysphonia | Difficult (abnormal) voice; hoarsness or any voice impairment |
| Dyspnea | Difficult breathing |
| Empyema | Pus in the pleural cavity |
| Exhalation | Breathing out; expiration; expulsion of air from the lungs |
| External Respiration | Exchange of gases in the lungs |
| Epiglottis | Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx |
| Epiglottitis | Inflammation of the epiglottis |
| Expectoration | Expulsion of material (mucus or phlegm) |
| Glottis | The opening to the larynx |
| Hemoptysis | Spitting up blood from the respiratory tract |
| Hemothorax | Blood in the pleural cavity; seen in pneumonia, tuberculosis, or carcinoma |
| Hilum of the Lung | Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs |
| Hilar | Pertaining to the hilum |
| Hypercapnia | Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood |
| Hypoxia | Deficiency of oxygen (anoxia) due to decreased oxygen in blood |
| Larynx | Voice box |
| Laryngeal | Pertaining to the larynx |
| Hyperpnea | Increase in the depth of breathing |
| Inhalation | Breathing in; inspiration |
| Serous | Pertaining to serum; thin and watery, like serum |
| Internal Respiration | Exchange of gases at the tissue cells |
| Laryngospasm | Contraction of the muscles of the larynx |
| Laryngitis | Inflammation of the voice box |
| Lobes | Divisions of the lungs |
| Lobectomy | Removal of a lobe (of the lung) |
| Mediastinum | Region between the lungs in the chest cavity; it contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes |
| Nasogastric Tube | Tube placed from the nose into the stomach |
| Nasopharyngitis | Inflammation of the nose and throat |
| Orthopnea | Breathing discomfort in any but erect, sitting, or standing straight position (two-pillow measurement); often occurs with congestive heart failure |
| Oxygen | Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells |
| Palatine Tonsils | Rounded masses of lymph tissue in the oropharynx; palatine means roof of mouth |
| Paranasal Sinuses | Pertaining to spaces in the skull that are near, alongside, the nose and nasal cavities; hollow air-containing cavities in the bones near the nose |
| Parietal Pleura | The outer fold of pleura lying closest to the ribs and wall of the thoracic cavity |
| Pharynx | Throat; composed of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
| Pharyngeal | Pertaining to the throat |
| Phrenic Nerve | Nerve carrying messages from the brain to the diaphragm |
| Phrenohepatic | Pertaining to the diaphragm and the liver |
| Pleura | Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung |
| Pleural Cavity | Space between the folds of the pleura |
| Pleuritic | Pertaining to inflammation of the pleura (pleurisy) |
| Pneumoconiosis | Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis |
| Pneumonectomy | Removal of a lung |
| Pneumonitis | Inflammation of lungs (pneumonia) |
| Pleural Rub | Grating sound produced by the motion of pleural surfaces rubbing each other |
| Pleurodynia | Pain associated with inflammation or irritation of pleura (or pain from intercostal muscles) |
| Pneumothorax | Air within the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs |
| Pulmonary | Pertaining to lungs |
| Pulmonary Parenchyma | The essential cells of the lung, those performing its main function; the alveoli (air sacs) and small bronchioles |
| Pyothorax | Pus in the pleural cavity (empyema of the chest) |
| Rhinoplasty | Surgical repair of the nose |
| Sputum | Material expelled from the chest by coughing or clearing the throat |
| Rhinorrhea | Discharge from the nose |
| Sinusitis | Inflammation of sinuses |
| Spirometer | Instrument to measure breathing (the air taken into and exhaled from the lungs) |
| Tachypnea | Increase in rate of breathing; shallow respirations |
| Thoracic | Pertaining to the chest |
| Thoracotomy | Incision of the chest |
| Tonsillectomy | Removal of tonsils |
| Trachea | Windpipe |
| Tracheal | Pertaining to the trachea |
| Tracheotomy | Incision of the trachea |
| Visceral Pleura | The inner fold of pleura lying closest to the lung tissue |
| Anthracosis | Coal dust accumulation in the lungs; a pneumoconiosis; also called black lung disease |
| Asbestosis | Asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs |
| Asthma | Spasm and narrowing of bronchi leading to bronchial airway obstruction |
| Atelectasis | Incomplete expansion of a lung (collapsed lung); may occur after surgery when a patient has pain and does not take deep breaths |
| Auscultation | Listening to sounds within the body |
| Exudate | Fluid, high in protein, that oozes from blood vessels and wounds |
| Transudate | Fluid that has passed through a membrane or tissue |
| Bacilli | Rod-shaped bacteria (singular: bacillus) |
| Bronchial Alveolar Lavage | Specimens obtained through a tube for cytological and bacterial studies by aspiration of bronchial secretions or by injecting fluid and retrieving fluid |
| Bronchogenic Carcinoma | Cancerous tumors arising from a bronchus; lung cancer |
| Bronchoscopy | Examination of the bronchial tubes by passing a lighted, fiber optic tube through the nose, throat, larynx, and trachea into the bronchi |
| Chest Tomograms | Series of x-rays that show pictures of the chest region at various depths |
| Chronic Bronchitis | Inflammation of the bronchi persisting for a long time |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | A chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through the bronchial tubes and lungs. Chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema are known as COPD |
| Cor Pulmonale | Failure of the right side of the heart to pump sufficient amount of blood to the lungs; occurs as a complication of lung disease |
| Croup | Acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants; characterized by obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor |
| Cystic Fibrosis | Inherited disease of exocrine glands (pancreas, sweat glands, and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract) leading to airway obstruction |
| Diphtheria | Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by diphtheria bacteria |
| Emphysema | Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls |
| Endotracheal Intubation | A tube is placed through the nose or mouth, through the pharynx and larynx, and into the trachea to establish an airway |
| Epistaxis | Nosebleed |
| Hydrothorax | Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity |
| Laryngoscopy | Visual examination of the larynx--a lighted tube is passed through the mouth or nose into the larynx |
| Lung Scan | Radioactive material is injected intravenously or inhaled, and images are recorded of its distribution in lung tissue to show air flow and blood supply to the lung |
| Mediastinoscopy | Visual examination of the mediastinum |
| Mesothelioma | A malignant tumor arising in the pleura; composed of mesothelium, which is epithelium that covers the surfaces of membranes such as the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium |
| Paroxysmal | Pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure |
| Percussion | Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure |
| Pertussis | Bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by bordetella pertussis, a highly contagious bacterium |
| Pleural Effusion | Escape of fluid into the pleural cavity |
| Pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleura. Also called pleuritis |
| Pneumonia | Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction |
| Pulmonary Abscess | Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs |
| Pulmonary Angiography | Dye is injected into the blood vessel, and x-rays are taken of the arteries or veins in the lung |
| Pulmonary Edema | Swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles |
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea | Sudden difficult breathing at night; may occur in patients with congestive heart failure when they recline at night |
| Pulmonary Embolism | Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung. Often caused by inability of the heart to pump blood (congestive heart failure) |
| Pulmonary Function Tests | Group of tests that measures ventilation mechanics of the lungs. |
| Pulmonary Infarction | An area of dead tissue in the lung |
| Purulent | Pertaining to containing pus |
| Rales | Abnormal crackling sounds heard during inspiration |
| Silicosis | Silica or glass dust in the lungs; occurs in mining ocupations |
| Stridor | A strained, high-pitched, noisy breathing associated with obstruction of the larynx or a bronchus |
| Thoracentesis | Insertion of a needle or catheter through the skin between the ribs into the pleural space in order to obtain fluid for analysis |
| Tracheostomy | Creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck and insertion of a tube to create an airway |
| Tuberculin Tests | Agents such as PPD (purified protein derivative) are applied to the surface of the skin with multiple punctures or by intradermal injection |
| Tuberculosis | An infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs are usually involved, but any organ in the body may be affected |
| Tube Thoracostomy | A chest tube is passed through small incision in the skin to continuously drain pleural spaces after thoracotomy |
| ICU | Intensive Care Unit |
| PPD | Purified Protein Derivative |
| RDS | Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
| URI | Upper Respiratory Infection |
| RUL | Right Upper Lobe of Lung |
| PFT | Pulmonary Function Tests |
| DPT | Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus |
| CPR | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
