| A | B |
|---|
| teratogen | anything that influences development of a fetus |
| maturation | genetically pre-programmed growth |
| learning | relatively permanent change in behavior based on experience |
| temperament | a person's characteristic mood, activity level, and pattern of interaction |
| resiliency | ability to "bounce back" from trauma; factors that decrease risk |
| vulnerability | life events & situations that contribute to psychological/behavioral problems; factors that increase risk |
| attachment | early bonds formed with a caregiver |
| sensorimotor | stage during which kids learn about their environment by grabbing, looking, & sucking on things |
| preoperational | characterized by ego-centric thinking & no concept of conservation |
| separation anxiety | feelings of anxiety resulting from temporary isolation from caregivers |
| object permanence | understanding that things exist even when you can't see them |
| conservation | understanding that changing the appearance of something does not change the item itself |
| assimilation | fitting new experiences into your current way of knowing |
| accomodation | adapting/developing new strategies to deal with new experiences |
| concrete operational | characterized by black & white thinking; |
| formal operational | characterized by the ability to think abstractly & consider many alternatives |
| Piaget | developed a theory to explain cognitive development |
| Bandura | showed that we often learn simply by observing |
| Erikson | believed we continue to development socially throughout the lifespan |
| Freud | believed conflicts between parents & children in the first 5 years greatly affects social development |
| Kohlberg | developed a theory to explain moral development |
| heritability | amount/proportion of a trait or ability that can be attributed to genetic factors |
| socialization | process of learning the rules of a society |
| gender role | a society's (stereotypical) expectations about agender |
| gender identity | an individual's feelings & experiences related to their gender |
| nature | influence of genetics & biological factors |
| nurture | influence of the environment & learning experiences |
| imprinting | formnig a sudden attachment; ducks & geese do this |
| social development | growth & change of self-image and ability to interact with others |
| cognitive development | growth & change of thinking & reasoning skills |
| motor development | growth & change of physical abilities |
| emotional development | growth & change of capacity to express feelings |
| preconventional reasoning | self-centered decisions based on personal consequences |
| conventional reasoning | "law & order" decisions based on social expectations |
| postconventional reasoning | decisions made for "the better good" after considering many alternatives |
| moral development | growth & change of values & beliefs about right & wrong |
