| A | B |
|---|
| nomad | person who moves from place to place |
| bureaucracy | a management system using departments run by appointed officials |
| artisan | skilled craft worker |
| pictogram | simple picture drawing making up early writing |
| pharoah | an Egyptian ruler |
| cultural diffusion | a process to spread ideas and customs |
| city-state | a political unit made up of a city and its surrounding area |
| ziggurats | pyramid temples built by Sumerians |
| hierarchy | a ranking system |
| cuneiform | Sumerian form of writing |
| scribe | a literate person who kept records for a kingdom |
| empire | group of states commanded by one ruler |
| monotheistic | worship of only one god |
| prophet | spiritual leaders |
| ethics | moral standards of behavior |
| diaspora | scattering of people |
| Nile River | Egypt's important river |
| Fertile Crescent | an area of Mesopotamia with good growing soil |
| Mesopotamia | land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers |
| Hammurabi | early Mesopotamian ruler who developed a code of ethics |
| Torah | Jewish Old Testament |
| Hebrews | Jews, descendents of Abraham |
| Monhenjo-Daro | A main city in India's 2500 B.C. civilization |
| Aryans | Indo-European people |
| caste | an unchangeable social level in Indian culture |
| dynasty | a ruling family |
| polytheistic | a belief in many gods |
| Mandate of Heaven | Zhou Dynasty's proclaimed divine right to rule |
| dynastic cycle | the rise and fall of dynasties |
| brahman | a spiritual power that Indians believe live in all things |
| mystic | an individual who devotes his life to spiritual seeking |
| Siddhartha Gautama | Buddha |
| Confucius | China's most influential philosopher |
| Shi Huangdi | unified and ruled China after the Zhou dynasty |
| Han Dynasty | China's ruling family after Shi Huangdi |
| reincarnation | belief that a soul continues to live in a new body |
| nirvana | Buddhism's final goal of union with the universe |
| filial piety | respect for parents |
