| A | B |
|---|
| cephalic presentation | normal head-first birth |
| cervix | neck of the uterus at the entrance to the birth canal |
| crowning | when the presenting part of the baby first appears through the vaginal opening |
| ectopic pregnancy | implantation of the fertilized egg in an oviduct, the cervix of the uterus, or in the abdominopelvic cavity |
| fetus | baby developing in the womb |
| induced abortion | deliberate actions to stop a pregnancy |
| labor | three stages of the delivery of a baby that begin with the contractions of the uterus and end with the expulsion of the placenta |
| meconium staining | amniotic fluid that is greenish or brownish-yellow rather than clear, an indication of possible maternal or fetal distress during labor |
| multiple birth | when more than one baby is born during a single delivery |
| perineum | skin between the vagina and the anus |
| placenta | organ of pregnancy where exchange of oxygen, foods, and wastes occurs between a mother and fetus |
| placenta previa | condition in which the placenta is formed in an abnormal location (usually low in the uterus and close to or over the cervical opening) that will not allow for a normal delivery of the fetus |
| premature infant | any newborn weighing less than 5 1/2 pounds or one that is born before the 37th week of pregnancy |
| prolasped umbilical cord | when the umbilical cord presents first and is squeezed between the vaginal wall and the baby's head |
| spontaneous abortion | when the fetus and placenta deliver before the 28th week of pregnancy, commonly called a miscarriage |
| stillborn | born dead |
| spine hypotension syndrome | dizziness and a drop in blood pressure caused when the mother is in a supine position and the weight of teh uterus, infant, placenta, and amniotic fluid compress the inferior vena cava, reducing return blood to the heart and cardiac output |
| umbilical cord | fetal structure containing the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the placenta |
| uterus | muscular abdominal organ where the fetus develops; also called the womb |
| vagina | birth canal |
| intervention | action taken to correct a patient's problem |
| circulation | movement of blood throughout the body |
| airway | passageway by which air enters and leaves the body |
| priority determination | decision on the seriousness of the patient's condition |
| on-line medical direction | ordedrs from the on-duty physician given directly to an EMT-B in the field by radio or telephone |
| breathing | respiration, orthe process by which a person inhales and exhales air |
| angina pectoris | pain in the chest, occuring when blood supply to the heart is reduced and a portion of the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen |
| glucose | form of sugar, the body's basic source of energy |
| artery | blood vessel with thick, muscular walls that carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart |
| brachial artery | major artery of the upper arm |
| capillary bleeding | bleeding that is characterized by a slow, oozing flow of blood |
| cardiogenic shock | lack of perfusion brought on by inadequate pumping action of the heart |
| compensated shock | when the patient is developing shock, but the body is still able to maintain perfusion |
| decompensated shock | condition that occurs when the body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion; late signs, such as falling blood pressure develop |
| femoral artery | major artery supplying the thigh |
| golden hour | optimum time limit between time of injury and surgery at the hsopital; survival rates are best if surgery takes place within this time period |
| hemorrhage | severe bleeding; a major cause of shock |
| hemorrhagic shock | shock resulting from blood loss |
| hypoperfusion | inadequate circulation of the blood in which the body's cells and organs do not receive adequate supplies of oxyten and nutrients and dangerous waste products build up |
| hypovolemic shock | shock resulting from uncontrolled bleeding or plasma loss |
| irreversible shock | when the body has lost the battle to maintain perfusion to the organ systems; cell damage occurs, expecially to the liver and kidneys |
| neurogenic shock | shock resulting from uncontrolled dilation of blod vessels due to nerve paralysis (somethimes caused by spinal-cord injuries) |
| perfusion | adequate circulation of blood throughout the body, filling the capillaries and supplying cells and tissues with oxygen and nutrients |
| pressure dressing | bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage to help control bleeding |
| pressure point | site where a large artery lies near the surface of the body and directly over a bone; pressure on such a location can control profuse bleeding in the extremities |
| shock | another name for hypoperfusion |
| tourniquet | device that closes off all blood flow to and from and extremity |
| vein | blood vessel that has one-way valves and carries blood back to the heart |
| abrasion | scrape or scratch in which the outer layer of the skin is damaged but all layers are not penetrated |
| air embolus | air bubble in the bloodstream |
