| A | B |
|---|
| alveoli | microscopic sacs of the lungs where exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place |
| bronchi | two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs (there are right and left mainstem bronchi) |
| carina | fork at the lower end of the trachea where the two mainstem bronchi branch |
| cricoid cartilage | ring-shaped structure that circles the trachea at the lower portion of the larynx |
| EIDD | esophageal intubation detector device that may be used to detect incorrect placement (or to verify correct placement) of the endotracheal tube |
| endotracheal tube | tube designed to be inserted into the trachea; oxygen, medication, or a suction catheter can be directed into the trachea through an endotracheal tube |
| epiglottis | left-shaped structure that acts as a covering to the opening of the trachea and that prevents food and foreign matter from entering it |
| esophagus | tube that leads from the pharynx to the stomach |
| glottic opening | opening to the trachea |
| hyperventilate | to provide ventilations at a higher rate to compensate for oxygen not delivered during intubation or suctioning |
| hypopharynx | area directly above the openings of both the trachea and the esophagus |
| hypoxia | inadequate oxygenation, or oxygen starvation |
| intubation | insertion of a tube |
| laryngoscope | illuminating instrument that is inserted into the pharynx to permit visualization of the pharynx and larynx |
| larynx | voice box |
| fixed medical facility | provides restorative and rehabilitative care to a casualty |
| combat lifesaver | nonmedical soldiers who are trained to start IVs and perform other advanced procedures |
| bleeding control | initial medical care provided while under direct fire |
| level I | level of medical care that is usually provided by combat lifesavers or combat medics |
| level III | the first true medical facility that a casualty sees on the battlefield |
| naso/oropharyngeal | airway device utilized when the casualty is unconscious with a patent airway |
| golden hour | period of time from injury to arrival at hospital |
| airway management | initial medical care provided during the tactical field care phase |
| Geneva Convention | established the Red Cross armband as indentifying mark of medical personnel |
| needle cricothyrotomy | airway device utilized when a casualty has a complete unrelieved airway obstruction |
| crcoid pressure | gently pressing the thumb and index finger to either side of the medial throat and over the cricoid cartilage to bring the patient's vocal cords into view |
| drip chamber | chamber from which the drops of IV fluid flow |
| ECG | measurement of the electrical activity of the heart on a graph |
| flow regulator | stop cock located below the drip chamber that can be pushed up or down to start, stop, or control the flow rate |
| infiltration | when an IV needle has either punctured a vein and exited the other side or has pulled out of the vein and the fluid is flowing into the surrounding tissues instead of into the vein |
| IV | intravenous line inserted into a vein so that blood, fluids, or medications can be administered directly into a patient's circulation |
| macro drip | drip chamber used when a higher flow of fluid is needed (for a multi-trauma victim in shock, for example) |
| mini drip | drip chamber used when miminal flow of fluid is needed (with children, for example) |
| needle port | opening below the flow regulator on an IV set into which medication is injected |
| acceptance | during this phase of grief, the dying person comes to peace with impending death |
| alarm reaction | first stage of the body's response to stress in whcih the sympathetic nervous system increases its activity in what is known as the "fight or flight" syndrome |
| cortisol | hormone that influences your metabolism and your immune response |
| critical incident | any situation taht triggers a strong emotional response |
| cumulative stress reaction | reaction that is a result of prolonged recurring stressors in our work or private lives |
| debriefing | formal, highly structured process employed to assist individuals who are experiencing acute stress reactions; it includes six phases: fact, thought, reaction, symptom, teaching, and re-entry |
| defusing | shorter and less structured form of debriefing usually led by a peer support member |
| delayed stress reaction | posttraumatic stress disorder, which may occur at any time, days to years, following a critical incident, also called PTSD |
| grief | emotional reaction to a loss that includes the process of recovery and adjustment to the loss |
| stress | state of physical and/or psychological arousal to a stimulus |
| biological death | when brain cells die |
| brachial pulse | pulse measured by feeling the major artery of the arm; the absence of this pulse is used as a sign, in infants, that heartbeat has stopped and CPR should begin |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation | actions you take to revive a person or at lease temporarily prevent biological death by keeping the person's heart and lungs working |
| carotid pulse | pulse felt between the groove of teh adam's apple and the muscles located along the side of the neck |
| clinical death | when breathing and heartbeat stop |
| 50:50 rule | requirement that the amount of time you spend compressing the patient's chest should be the same as the time spent for release |
| gastric distention | bulging of the stomach that may be caused by forcing air into the patient's stomach during rescue breathing |
| head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver | maneuver that provides for maximum opening of the airway |
| heimlich maneuver | manual thrusts to the abdomen used to dislodge an airway obstruction |
| jaw-thrust maneuver | maneuver used to open the airway of a patient with a suspected spine injury |
| line of lividity | red or puple skin discoloration that occurs when gravity causes blood to sink to the lowest parts of the body and collect there |
| recovery position | lying the pateint on the side to allow for drainage from the mouth and to prevent the tongue from falling backward |
| substernal notch | general term for area of the lower border of the sternum |
| xiphoid process | short triangular piece of cartilage (tough, elastic gristle) that extends from the bottom of the sternum |
