| A | B |
|---|
| Marbury v. Madison | This case created judicial review |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | this case established federal power over the states |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | this case increased federal power over interstate commerce |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | this case ruled that slaves were property |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | established the "separate but equal" doctrine about segregation |
| Schenck v. U.S. | this case said speech could be limited if it posed a "clear and present danger" |
| Korematsu v. U.S. | this case approved imprisoning the Japanese Americans in concentration camps during WWII |
| Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka | ruled that school segregation is illegal |
| Engel v. Vitale | declared school prayer unconstitutional |
| Miranda v. Arizona | said police must read suspects their rights when arrested |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | ruled that the court must appoint a criminal suspect a lawyer if they cannot afford one |
| Nixon v. the U.S. | ruled that the president must turn over his tapes in the Watergate case |
| Mapp v. Ohio | this case said that all police must have a search warrant to conduct a search |
| Minersville School District v. Gobitis | this case involved some Jehovahs Witness students who refused to salute the flag |
| First Amendment | guarantees citizens the freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and press |
| Fourth Amendment | protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures |
| 14th Amendment | guarantees all citizens equal protection under the law and due process |
| 19th Amendment | gave women suffrage |
| 18th Amendment | made alcohol illegal |
| 24th Amendment | outlawed poll taxes and discrimination in public places |
| 13th Amendment | outlawed slavery in the U.S. |
| 15th Amendment | said states cannot prevent someone from voting due to their race |
| Legislative branch | this makes our laws |
| Executive branch | this carries out our laws |
| Judicial branch | this interprets our laws |
| President | leader of the executive branch |
| Congress | this makes up our legislative branch |
| Supreme Court | this is part of our judicial branch |
| Electoral College | This is what elects the President |
| Federal Election Commission | provides federal money to campaigns and regulates campaign spending |
| Primary Election | this helps to decide who will be the candidate for a party |
| federalism | the division of power between the states and the national government |
| National Bank | the argument over the creation of this led to the formation of our first political parties |
| Strict Construction | following the Constitution literally |
| Broad Construction | interpreting the Constitution loosely |
| John Marshall | While he was Chief Justice, the Supreme Court's decisions did much to strengthen the federal government |
| Cabinet | advisors to the President |
| Senate | the upper house of Congress; 100 members; 6 year term |
| House of Representatives | lower house of Congress; 435 members; 2 year terms |
| Alexander Hamilton | First Secretary of the Treasury; wanted a powerful national government |
| Thomas Jefferson | First Secretary of State; believed the states should have most of the power |
| Republic | a government in which the people elect representatives to speak for them |
| Elastic clause | says Congress can do anything necessary and proper to carry out its powers in the Constitution |
| Judicial activism | when the Supreme Court acts like a law maker with its decisions |
| Roe v. Wade | this ruled that women have a right to an abortion |
| Speaker of the House | next in line to the presidency if the President and Vice-President both were incapacitated |
| impeach | to bring charges against a government official |
| Treaties | only the Senate can ratify these |
| amendment | a change in or an addition to the Constitution |
| Preamble | the introduction to the Constitution; "We the people..." |
| Declaration of Independence | said, "All men are created equal" |
| Natural rights | rights one is born with; life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness |
| John Locke | created the Social Contract theory; said all men have natural rights |
| natural born citizen | to be President, one must be this |
| Connecticut Compromise | said Congress would have two houses: one with equal representation and one with representation based on population |
| Bill of Rights | our first 10 amendments that list our civil liberties |
| Freedom of assembly | our right to have a meeting or a march |
