| A | B |
|---|
| nutrients | substances in foods that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth and repair |
| carbohydrate | provide the main source of energy; sugars, starches and cellulose |
| glucose | a simple sugar. The basic fuel your body uses. |
| cellulose | a complex carbohydrate that your body can not break down |
| proteins | used for growth. Made up of subunits called amino acids |
| fats | provide energy and help your body absorb some vitamins |
| vitamins | needed in small quantities to help your body use other nutrients |
| minerals | inorganic nutrient that regulates many chemical reactions |
| water | dissolves and carries nutrients, removes waste,enables chemical reactions to occur. 60% of body weight |
| food group | foods that contain the same nutrients |
| antioxidants | substances that prevent other chemicals from reacting with oxygen |
| digestion | the process that breaks down food into small molecules so they can move into the blood. |
| enzymes | speed up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| salivary amylase | an enzyme secreted in the mouth that breaks down starch |
| pepsin | a stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins |
| mechanical digestion | takes place when food is chewed and mixed in the mouth and stomach |
| chemical digestion | breaks down large molecules into different smaller ones. |
| saliva | a watery substance produced by the mouth |
| peristalsis | contractions that move food along the digestive system |
| chyme | food that has been changed into a thin watery liquid |
| Duodenum | the first part of the small intestine. Where the major portion of digestion takes place |
| Bile | produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder |
| emulsification | physically breaking up fat into smaller pieces |
| Villi | fingerlike projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine. Allows for more places for food to be absorbed |
| large intestine | main job is to absorb water from the chyme |
| Bacteria | live in the large intestine and break down cellulose. Produce vitamins you need. |
| Pancreas | an organ that produces enzymes that digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates |
