| A | B |
|---|
| alveoli | microscopic sacs of the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place |
| bronchi | two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs |
| carina | fork at the lower end of the trachea where the two mainstem bronchi branch |
| cricoid cartilage | ring-shaped structure that circles the trachea at the lower portion of the larynx |
| EIDD | esophageal intubation detector device that may be used to detect incorrect placement (or to verify correct placement) of the endotracheal tube |
| endotracheal tube | tube designed to be inserted into the trachea; oxygen, medication, or a suction catheter can be directed into the trachea through an endotracheal tube |
| epiglottis | leaf-shaped structure that acts as covering to the opening of the trachea and that prevents food and foreign matter from entering it |
| esophagus | tube that leads from the pharynx to the stomach |
| glottic opening | opening to the trachea |
| hyperventilate | to provide ventilations at a higher rate to compensate for oxygen not delivered during intubation or suctioning |
| hypopharynx | area directly above the openings of both the trachea and the esophagus |
| hypoxia | inadequate oxygenation, or oxygen starvation |
| intubation | insection of a tube |
| laryngoscope | illuminating instrument that is inserted into the pharynx to permit visualization of the pharynx and larynx |
| larynx | voice box |
| cricoid pressure | gently pressing the thumb and index finger just to either side of the medial throat and over the cricoid cartilage to bring the patient's vocal cords into view |
| drip chamber | chamber from which the drops of IV fluid flow |
| ECG | measurement of the electricla activity of the heart on a graph |
| flow regulator | stop cock located below the drip chamber that can be pushed up or down to start, stop, or control the flow rate |
| infiltration | when an IV needle has either punctured a vein and exited the other side or has pulled out of the vein and the fluid is flowing into the surrounding tissues instead of into the vein |
| IV | intravenous line inserted into a vein so that blood, fluids, or medications can be administered directly into a patient's circulation |
| macro drip | drip chamber used when a higher flow of fluid is needed (for a multi-trauma victim in shock, for example) |
| mini drip | drip chamber used when miminal flow of fluid is needed (with children, for example) |
| needle port | opening below the flow regulator on an IV set into which medication is injected |
| biological death | when brain cells die |
| brachial pulse | pulse measured by feeling the major artery of the arm; the absence of this pulse is used as a sign, in infants, that heartbeat has stopped and CPR should begin |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation | actions you take to revive a person -- or at least temporarily prevent biological death--by keeping the person's heart and lungs working |
| carotid pulse | pulse felt between the groove of the Adam's apple and the muscles located along the side of the neck |
| clinical death | when breathing and heartbeat stop |
| 50 ; 50 rule | requirement that the amount of time you spend compressing the patient's chest should be the same as the time spent for release |
| gastric distention | bulging of the stomach that may be caused by forcing air into the aptient's stomach during rescue breathing |
| head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver | maneuver that provides for maximum opening of the airway |
| heimlich maneuver | manual thrusts to the abdomen used to dislodge an airway obstruction |
| jaw-thrust maneuver | maneuver used to open the airway of a patient with a suspected spine injury |
| line of lividity | red or purple skin discoloration that occurs when gravity causes the blood to sink to the lowest parts of the body and collect there |
| recovery position | lying the patient on his/her side to allow for drainage from the mouth and to prevent the tongue from falling backward |
| rescue breathing | providing artifical ventilations to a person who has stopped breathing or whose breathing is inadequate |
| substernal notch | general term for the area of the lower border of the sternum |
| xiphoid process | short triangular piece of cartilage (tough, elastic gristle) that extends from the bottom of the sternum |
| exhalation | the process of breathing out |
| flowmeter | a valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute |
| gag reflex | vomiting or retching that results when something is placed in the pharynx |
| nasal cannula | a device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the patient's nostrils |
| nasopharyngeal airway | a flwxible breathing tube inserted through the patient's nose into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway |
| oropharyngeal airway | a rigid curved device inserted through the patient's mouth into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway |
| nonrebreather mask | a face mask and reservior bag device that delivers high concentrations of oxygen. The patient's exhaled air excapes through a valve |
| pocket face mask | a device, usually with a one-way valve, to aid in artifical ventiliation. A rescurer breathes through the valve when the device is place over the patient's face. It also acts as a barrier to prevent contact with a patient's breath or body fluids and can be used with supplemental oxygen when fitted with an oxygen inlet |
| respiratory arrest | when breathing completely stops |
| respiratory failure | the reduction of breathing to the point where not enough oxygen is being taken in to sustain life |
| suctioning | use of a vacuum device to remove blood, vomitus, and other secretions or foreign materials from the airway |
