| A | B |
|---|
| Marbury v. Madison | Created the power of judicial review |
| Brown v. the Board of Education | This ruled that school segregation is illegal |
| Miranda v. Arizona | Ruled that the police must read you your rights when arrested |
| Roe v. Wade | Ruled that all women have a right to an abortion |
| The Scopes Trial | Case that prosecuted a teacher for teaching evolution in 1925 |
| Tinker v. Des Moines School District | Case involving some students wearing armbands to protest the Vietnam War |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | This case ruled that the court must appoint a lawyer if you cannot afford one |
| Escobedo v. Illinois | Ruled that the accused has the right to have their lawyer present when being questioned |
| Mapp v. Ohio | Ruled that even state and local police need search warrants |
| Weeks v. the U.S. | This case originally created the exclusionary rule |
| Furman v. Georgia | This case suspended all death penalties until it could be done more fairly |
| New Jersey v. T.L.O. | This case involved a girl who was searched at school |
| Wisconsin v. Yoder | Case that involved Amish children who wished to leave school after 8th grade |
| Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier | Case about the censorship of a school newspaper |
| Gault case | A case that involved giving due process to minors |
| Bakke v. the University of California | This case was about the idea of reverse discrimination |
| October | The Supreme Court begins its sessions on the first Monday in ____. |
| Affirmative Action | A federal law that requires employers to hire more minorities |
| First | The ___ amendment gives us the right to free speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of the press |
| Exclusionary Rule | This says that evidence obtained in an illegal search is not admissable in court |
| Nine | There are ___ justices on the Supreme Court |
| Judicial activism | When the court acts like a lawmaker |
| Due Process | Having your rights read to you and having an attorney are part of your right to this |
| Probable cause | What the police need to get a warrant |
| Congress | Only ___ can declare war. |
| Executive Branch | The president is the leader of this |
| Legislative Branch | Congress makes up this part of our government |
| Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments are known as the ... |
| Senate | If a president names a new federal justice, the ___ must confirm the choice. |
| libel | A written lie about someone |
| slander | A spoken lie about someone |
| symbolic speech | Wearing an armband or button is an example of this. |
| Fourth Amendment | This protects us against illegal searches and seizures |
| Establishment Clause | This part of the 1st amendment says the government cannot favor one religion over another |
| Free Exercise Clause | This part of the 1st amendment says you are free to practice your religion |
| Civil Liberties | Another name for the Bill of Rights and the rights of citizens |
| Social Contract Theory | John Locke created this |
| natural rights | Locke said that all people have these |
| Primary Election | The purpose of this is to give the people a say in choosing a party's candidate |
| Eighth Amendment | This says there can be no cruel or unusual punishment |
| Original | The Supreme Court has __ jurisdiction in cases involving states |
| Federalism | The idea that power is divided between the states and the national government |
| Engel v. Vitale | This case ruled that school prayer is unconstitutional |
| Judicial Restraint | When the court follows the Constitution and past precedents very closely |
| Broad Construction | following the Constitution very loosely |
| Strict Construction | Following the Constitution word for word |
| Article III | This section of the Constitution created the federal courts |
| Supreme Court | The highest federal court |
| PACs | Groups that donate money to campaigns |
| Checks and Balances | This is build in to the Constitution to limit power between the 3 branches |
| Congress | Only ___ can propose amendmens with a 2/3 vote |
| States | Only the ____ can ratify amendments. |
| Judicial Branch | The federal courts make up this part of our federal government. |
| Double Jeopardy | ___ ___ means you cannot be tried twice for the same crime |
| 6th amendment | This says you have the right to counsel. |
| Civil | The Supreme Court hears these kind of cases. |
| Exclusive Powers | Things that only the federal government can do |
| Reserved Powers | Things that only the states can do |
| Ingraham v. Wright | This case involved some Florida students who were spanked in school |
| corporal punishment | A spanking is an example of this |
| In Loco Parentis | The notion that the schools are "in place of the parents." |
| Explusion | A long-term removal of a student from a school |
| Title IX | This federal law says that there cannot be gender bias in schools |
| Assembly | Your right to gather and have a meeting is the right of ___. |
| Capital Punishment | The death penalty is this. |
| reasonable suspicion | A school administrator need this to conduct a school search |
| Danger | Speech can be limited if it is a "clear and present ___" to national security |
| Time, place, and manner | These guidelines are used to decide if speech is constitutionally protected or not |
| Separation of Powers | The idea that our government has three branches, each with their own powers |
| Impeach | Only the House can ___ a president. |
| republic | A government in which the people elect representatives to speak for them |
| Parliamentary | A type of government in which the legislative branch choose a prime minister |
| electoral college | This is what really chooses our president by a majority vote |
| Concurrent | Powers shared by the national and state governments are called the ___ powers. |
| President | To be this, one must be 35 and a natural born citizen |
| Senate | A member of this serves a six year term and must be at least 30 years old |
| House of Representatives | A member of this serves a two year term and must be at least 25 years old |
| 22nd amendment | This says that a president can only serve two terms in office |
| Articles of Confederation | Our first constitution was known as the .... |
| Unwritten Constitution | Judicial review, political parties, and the Cabinet are all examples of this |
| Stare decisis | This means deciding court cases soley on past decisions and existing laws |
| States | The __ require that voters be registered, be a state resident, and a U.S. citizen. |
| Federal | The ___ government says that voters must be at least 18 and there cannot be literacy tests or poll taxes |
| absentee ballot | If a voter will be out of town on election day they can use this to vote. |
| Platform | At a national political convention, a party writes its ___ which lists its goals. |
| Federalist #10 | This document, written by James Madison, said in a large nation factions would not be a problem. |
| referendum | This is when the voters of a state vote on passing a bill |
| initiative | This is when the voters of a state vote to tell the legislature to propose a bill. |
| Federal Election Commission | This was created to provide federal money to candidates to make running for office more fair |
| enforce the laws | the main job of the executive branch (the president) |
| make the laws | the main job of the legislative branch (the Congress) |
| interpret the laws | the main job of the judicial branch |
| amendment | One way to get rid of an unpopular Supreme Court decision is to have an ___. |
| 5th amendment | This says that you cannot be required to be a witness against yourself (self-incrimination) |
| Commander-in-Chief | The president is playing this role if he sends troops to an area of the world |
| Engel v. Vitale | This court case outlawed prayer in public schools |
| popular sovereignty | This is the idea that the people rule; that the people are the source of a government's power |
