| A | B |
|---|
| a substance made of only 1 type of atom | element |
| How many elements are there? | 109 |
| Elements can't be broken down by a _____ change | chemical |
| What are elements represented by? | chemical symbols |
| Latin name for iron | ferrum |
| Latin name for sodium | natrium |
| Latin name for lead | plumbum |
| Latin name for tin | stannum |
| Latin name for potassium | kalium |
| Latin name for copper | cuprum |
| Latin name for gold | aurum |
| Latin name for silver | argentum |
| Latin name for mercury | hydrargyrum |
| What are three types of elements | pure, natural, artificial |
| What are the 3 classifications of elements? | metals, non-metals, metalloids |
| Elements that are pure in their free state | pure elements |
| Elements that exist in nature | natural elements |
| Elements that are made in a lab | artificial elements |
| Smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of that element | atom |
| What does the word atom come from? | Greek word "atomos" |
| What does the Greek word "atomos" mean? | not to be cut |
| How many artificial elements are there? | 21 |
| Who thought that atoms were solid spheres? | Dalton |
| Who thought that atoms were a ball of positive charge with negative charges spread throughout | J.J. Thomson |
| Who thought that atoms had a positive center & electrons orbited it like planets orbit the sun? | Rutherford & Bohr |
| Model that depicts atoms as a cloud of electrons around a positive core | electron cloud model |
| Negatively charged particles in an atom | electrons |
| A charged particle | ion |
| How much smaller are electrons than protons or neutrons | 1800x |
| What is the electron cloud mostly made of? | empty space |
| Positively charged particles in the nucleus | protons |
| These are equal in number & opposite in charge to the electron | proton |
| What does the atomic number tell you? | the number of protons ( and electrons in a neutral atom) |
| What subatomic particle has the same mass as a proton? | neutron |
| What determines the identity of an element? | number of protons |
| What subatomic particle can vary within atoms of an element? | neutrons |
| What are the smaller subparticles of protons & neutrons? | quarks |
| How many types of quarks are there? | 6 |
| How many quarks make up a proton or neutron | 3 |
| What machine do scientists use to study quarks? | Tevatron |
| What's the abbreviation for electron? | e- |
| What is the abbreviation for protons? | p+ |
| In an atom, where are electrons most likely to be found in the cloud? | near the nucleus |
| Is the 1st energy level highest or lowest in energy? | lowest |
| What is the most electrons that the 1st level can hold? | two |
| What is the most electrons that can be in the 2nd energy level? | 8 |
| What is the most electrons that can be in the 3rd energy level? | 18 |
| What is the most electrons that can be in the 4th energy level? | 32 |
| In an atom, electrons are arranged in_______. | pairs |
| What is the "magic" number in an atom? | 8 |
| What does the mass of an atom depend on? | the number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus |
| Why don't electrons contribute to the mass of an atom? | they are really, really small |
| What tells you the number of protons & neutrons in an atom? | atomic mass number |
| How do you find the number of protons in an atom? | look at the atomic number |
| How do you find the number of electrons in a neutral atom? | look at the atomic number |
| How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom? | Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass number |
| Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons | isotopes |
| Who was the 1st to attempt to make a periodic table? | Dmitri Mendeleev |
| What did Dmitri Mendeleev base his table on? | increasing mass |
| What did Henry Mosely base his table on? | element properties & atomic numbers |
| A table of elements classified by their properties | periodic table |
| What does "periodic" mean? | repeats at regular intervals |
| Term for the vertical rows of elements | groups or families |
| How many groups are there? | 18 |
| What is group 18 called? | Noble gases |
| What is different about the noble gases? | they have 8 valence electrons so they are stable & don't combine with others |
| What was the previous name of the noble gases? | inert gases |
| What is another name for the outer electrons? | valence electrons |
| What do Lewis Dot Diagrams show? | the number of valence electrons |
| What are the horizontal rows of elements called? | periods |
| On the periodic table, which side has the metals | left |
| On the periodic table where are the nonmetals? | right |
| How many valence electrons do metals usually have? usua | 3 or less |
| How many valence electrons do non metals usually have? | 5 or more |
| The ability to be hammered into sheets | malleable |
| The ability to be drawn into wire | ductile |
| Do metals gain or lose electrons? | lose - they all have a + charge |
| Do non-metals gain or lose electrons? | gain - they all have a - charge |
| Elements that have properties of both metals & non-metals | metalloids |
| Are properties similar in groups or periods? | groups ( families) |
| What is group 17 called? | halogens |
| What does the word halogen mean? | "salt forming" |
| What are the 6 characteristics of metals? | 3 or less valence e-, shiny, good conductors, lose e-, malleable, ductile |
| What are the 5 characteristics of non-metals? | 5 or more valence e-, dull, poor conductors, most are gases, gain electrons |
| On the periodic table, what are the whole numbers called? | atomic number |
