| A | B |
|---|
| CLASSIFICATION OF BODY MEMBRANES | EPITHELIAL, CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
| EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES | COMPOSED OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE AND AN UNDERLYING LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
| CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANCES | COMPOSED LARGELY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
| EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES ARE COMPOSED OF | CUTANEOUS MEMBRANES, SEROUS MEMBRANES, MUCOUS MEMBRANES |
| CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE | THE SKIN |
| SEROUS MEMBRANES | SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM ON A CONNECTIVE TISSUE BASEMENT MEMBRANE |
| MUCOUS MEMBRANES | LINES BODY SURFACES THAT OPEN DIRECTLY TO THE EXTERIOR, PRODUCE MUCUS, A THICK SECRETION THAT KEEPS THE MEMBRANES SOFT AND MOIST |
| TYPES OF SEROUS MEMBRANES | PARIETAL AND VISCERAL |
| PARIETAL | LINE WALLS OF BODY CAVITIES |
| VISCERAL | COVER ORGANS FOUND IN BODY CAVITIES |
| EXAMPLES OF SEROUS MEMBRANES | PLEURA & PERITONEUM |
| PLEURA | PARIETAL AND VISCERAL LAYERS LINE WALLS OF THORACIC CAVITY AND COVER THE LUNGS |
| PERITONEUM | PARIETAL AND VISCERAL LAYERS LINE WALLS OF ABDOMINAL CAVITY AND COVER THE ORGANS IN THAT CAVITY |
| DISEASES OF THE SEROUS MEMBRANES | PLEURISY & PERITONITIS |
| PLEURISY | INFLAMMATION OF THE SEROUS MEMBRANES THAT LINE THE CHEST CAVITY AND COVER THE LUNGS |
| PERITONITIS | INFLAMMATION OF THE SEROUS MEMBRANES IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY THAT LINE THE WALLS AND COVER THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS |
| CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANES | DO NOT CONTAIN EPITHELIAL COMPONENTS, PRODUCE A LUBRICANT CALLED SYNOVIAL FLUID, EXAMPLES ARE THE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES IN THE SPACES BETWEEN JOINTS AND IN THE LINING OF BURSAL SACS |
| STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN - THE TWO PRIMARY LAYERS | EPIDERMIS AND DERMIS |
| EPIDERMIS | OUTERMOST AND THINNEST PRIMARY LAYER OF SKIN |
| EPIDERMIS | COMPOSED OF SEVERAL LAYERS OF STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM |
| STRATUM GERMINATIVUM (EPIDERMIS) | INTERMOST LAYER OF CELLS THAT CONTINUALLY REPRODUCE, AND NEW CELLS MOVE TOWARD THE SURFACE, AS THE CELLS APPROACH THE SURFACE, THEY ARE FILLED WITH A TOUGH, WATERPROOF PROTEIN CALLED KERATIN AND EVENTUALLY FLAKE OFF |
| STRATUM CORNEUM (EPIDERMIS) | OUTER MOST LAYER OF KERATIN-FILLED CELLS |
| PIGMENT CONTAINING LAYER (EPIDERMIS) | EPIDERMAL LAYER THAT CONTAINS PIGMENT CELLS CALLED MELANOCYTES, WHICH PRODUCE THE BROWN PIGMENT MELANIN |
| BLISTERS (EPIDERMIS) | CAUSED BY BREAKDOWN OF UNION BETWEEN CELLS OR PRIMARY LAYERS OF THE SKIN |
| SYNOVIAL FLUID | LUBRICANT PRODUCED IN THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANES |
| KERATIN | TOUGH, WATERPROOF PROTEIN |
| MELANOCYTES | PIGMENT CELLS THAT PRODUCE THE BROWN PIGMENT MELANIN |
| DERMIS | DEEPER AND THICKER OF THE TWO PRIMARY SKIN LAYERS AND COMPOSED LARGELY OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
| DERMIS | UPPER AREA OF DERMIS CHARACTERIZED BY PARALLEL ROWS OF PEGLIKE DERMAL PAPILLAE PATTER UNIQUE TO EACH INDIVIDUAL (BASIS OF FINGERPRINTING) |
| PEGLIKE DERMAL PAPILLAE (DERMIS) | BASIS OF FINGERPRINTING |
| DERMIS | DEEPER AREAS OF DERMIS FILLED WITH NETWORK OF TOUGH COLLAGENOUS AND STRETCHABLE ELASTIC FIBERS |
| DERMIS | NUMBER OF ELASTIC FIBERS DECREASES WITH AGE AND CONTRIBUTES TO WRINKLE FORMATION |
| DERMIS | ALSO CONTAINS NERVE ENDINGS, MUSCLE FIBERS, HAIR FOLLICLES, SWEAT AND SEBACEOUS GLANDS AND MANY BLOOD VESSELS |
| APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN | HAIR, RECEPTORS, NAILS, SKIN GLANDS |
| SOFT HAIR OF FETUS AND NEWBORN IS CALLED | LANUGO |
| HAIR GROWTH REQUIRES EPIDERMAL TUBELIKE STRUCTURE CALLED | HAIR FOLLICLE |
| HAIR GROWTH BEGINS FROM | HAIR PAPILLA |
| HAIR ROOT LIES HIDDEN IN FOLLICLE AND VISIBLE PART OF HAIR CALLED THE | SHAFT |
| ARRECTOR PILI | SPECIALIZED SMOOTH MUSCLE THAT PRODUCES "GOOSE BUMPS" AND CAUSES HAIR TO STAND UP STRAIGHT |
| RECEPTORS | 2ND APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN |
| SPECIALIZED NERVE ENDINGS | MAKE IT POSSIBLE FOR SKIN TO ACT AS A SENSE ORGAN |
| MEISSNER'S CORPUSCLE | CAPABLE OF DETECTING LIGHT TOUCH |
| PACINIAN CORPUSCLE | CAPABLE OF DETECTING PRESSURE |
| NAILS | 3RD APPENDAGE OF THE SKIN |
| PRODUCED BY | EPIDERMAL CELLS OVER TERMINAL ENDS OF FINGERS AND TOES |
| VISIBLE PART IS CALLED | NAIL BODY |
| ROOT LIES | IN A GROOVE AND IS HIDDEN BY THE CUTICLE |
| CRESCENT-SHAPPED AREA NEAREST ROOT IS CALLED | LUNULA |
| NAIL BED MAY CHANGE COLOR | WITH CHANGE IN BLOOD FLOW |
| SKIN GLANDS | 4TH APPENDAGE OF THE SKIN |
| TYPES OF SKIN GLANDS | SWEAT OR SUDORIFEROUS, SEBACEOUS |
| SWEAT OR SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS | TYPES ARE ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS, MOST NUMEROUS, IMPORTANT AND WIDE-SPREAD OF THE SWEAT GLANDS. 2. PRODUCE PERSPIRATION OR SWEAT, WHICH FLOWS THROUGH PORES ON SKIN SURFACE, 3. FUNCTION THROUGHOUT LIFE AND ASSIST IN BODY HEAT REGULATION |
| ANOTHER TYPE OF SWEAT OR SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS | APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS, FOUND PRIMARILY IN AXILLA AND AROUND GENITALIA, SECRETE A THICKER SECRETION QUITE DIFFERENT FROM ECCRINE PERSPIRATION, BREAKDOWN OF SECRETION BY SKIN BACTERIA PRODUCES ODOR |
| SEBACEOUS GLANDS | SECRETE OIL OR SEBUM FOR HAIR AND SKIN, LEVEL OF SECRETION INCREASES DURING ADOLESCENCE, SEBUM IN SEBACEOUS GLAND DUCTS MAY DARKEN TO FORM A BLACKHEAD |
| FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN | PROTECTION, TEMPERATURE REGULATION, SENSE ORGAN ACTIVITY |
| FUNCTION 1 IS PROTECTION | FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE, AGAINST INFECTION BY MICROBES, UV RAYS FROM THE SUN, HARMFUL CHEMICALS, CUTS AND TEARS |
| FUNCTION 2 IS TEMPERATURE REGULATION | SKIN CAN RELEASE ALMOST 3000 CALORIES OF BODY HEAT PER DAY |
| MECHANISMS OF TEMP REGULATION | REGULATION OF SWEAT SECRETION AND REGULATION OF FLOW OF BLOOD CLOSE TO THE BODY SURFACE |
| FUNCTION 3 IS SENSE ORGAN ACTIVITY | SKIN FUNCTIONS AS AN ENORMOUS SENSE ORGAN, RECEPTORS SERVE AS RECEIVERS FOR THE BODY, KEEPING IT INFORMED OF CHANGES IN ITS ENVIRONMENT |
| BURNS | TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OR SURVIVAL DEPEND ON TOTAL AREA INVOLVED AND SEVERITY OR DEPTH OF THE BURN |
| (BURNS) BODY SURFACE AREA IS ESTIMATED USING THE | RULE OF NINES IN ADULTS |
| RULE OF NINES IN ADULTS | BODY IS DIVIDED INTO 11 AREAS OF 9% EACH, ADDITIONAL 1% OF BODY SURFACE AREA IS AROUND GENITALS |
| CLASSIFICATION OF BURNS | FIRST DEGREE, SECOND DEGREE, THIRD DEGREE, |
| FIRST DEGREE BURNS (PARTIAL-THICKNESS) | ONLY THE SURFACE LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS INVOLVED |
| SECOND DEGREE BURNS (PARTIAL THICKNESS) | INVOLVE THE DEEP EPIDERMAL LAYERS AND ALWAYS CAUSE INJURY TO THE UPPER LAYERS OF THE DERMIS |
| THIRD DEGREE BURNS (FULL THICKNESS) | CHARACTERIZED BY COMPLETE DESTRUCTION OF THE EPIDERMIS AND DERMIS (1) MAY INVOLVE UNDERLYING MUSCLE AND BONE (2) LESION IS INSENSITIVE TO PAIN BECAUSE OF DESTRUCTION OF NERVE ENDINGS IMMEDIATELY AFTER INJURY- INTENSE PAIN IS SOON EXPERIENCED (3)RISK OF INFECTION IS INCREASED |
| THE EPITHELIAL LAYER AND A SUPPORTIVE CONNECTIVE TISSUE LAYER CALLED THE | BASEMENT MEMBRANE |
