| A | B |
|---|
| Geologist | A scientist who studies the forces that make and shape planet Earth. |
| Geology | The study of planet Earth. |
| Constructive Force | A force that builds up mountains and landmasses on Earth's surface. |
| Destructive Force | A force that slowly wears away mountains and other features on Earth's surface. |
| Continent | A great landmass surrounded by oceans. |
| Seismic Wave | A vibration that travels through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake. |
| Crust | The layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface. |
| Basalt | A dark dense igneous rock with a fine texture found in oceanic crust. |
| Granite | A light colored rock found in continental crust. |
| Mantle | The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core. |
| Lithosphere | A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust. |
| Asthenosphere | The soft layer of the mantle that the lithosphere floats. |
| Outer Core | A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth. |
| Inner Core | A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel in the center of Earth. |
| Heat transfer | Movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object. |
| Radiation | The transfer of energy through empty space. (Sunlight, heat from a flame or fire) |
| Conduction | The transfer of heat by direct contact of particles of matter. (Touching a hot pot - you feel the heat) |
| Convection | The transfer of heat by movement of a heated fluid.(Water coming to a boil) |
| Convection Current | The movement of a fluid caused by differences in temperature, tht transfers heat fromone part of the fluid to another. |
| Pangaea | The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents. |
| Continental Drift | The hypothesis that the continent slowly move across Earth's surface. (Continents are drifting) |
| Fault | A break in Earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other. |
| Mid-ocean ridge | Undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced. It is a divergent plate boundary. |
| Sea-floor spreading | Process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor. |
| Deep-ocean trench | Deep valley along the ocean floor through which oceanic crust slowly sinks towards the mantle. |
| Subduction | Process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep ocean-trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary. |
| Plate Tectonics | The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion driven by convection currents in the mantle. |
| Transform boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions. |
| Divergent Boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other. |
| Rift Valley | A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart. |
| Convergent Boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other. |
