| A | B |
|---|
| blasto / blast | germ or bud |
| chromo | color |
| chylo | juice |
| hemo / hemato | blood |
| immuno | safe |
| lympho | clear fluid |
| phago | eat or swallow |
| plaso | formation |
| reticulo | a net |
| spleno | spleen |
| thrombo | clot |
| thymo | thymus gland |
| plasma | liquid portion of the blood & lymph containing water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones vitamins, & cellular components (leukocytes, erythrocytes, & platelets) |
| serum | liquid portion of the blood left after the clotting process |
| erythrocyte | red blood cell that transports oxygen & carbon dioxide within the bloodstream |
| hemoglobin | protein-iron compound contained in the erythrocyte that has bonding capabilities for the transport of oxygen & carbon dioxide |
| leukocyte | white blood cell that protects the body from invasion of harmful substances |
| granulocytes | group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm |
| neutrophil (neutros) | granular leukocyte, named for the neutral stain of its granules, that fights infection by swallowing bacteria |
| polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) | another term for neutrophil, named for the many segments present in its nucleus |
| band | an immature neutrophil |
| eosinophil (eos) | granular leukocyte, named for rose-color stain of its granules that increases with allergy & some infections |
| basophil (basos) | granular leukocyte, named for the dark stain of its granules, that brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissues |
| agranulocytes | group of leukocytes w/o granules in their nuclei |
| lymphocyte (lymphs) | agranulocytic leukocyte that is active in the process of immunity-there are 3 categories of lymphocytes: T cells (thymus dependent), B cells (bone marrow-derived), & NK (natural killer)cells |
| monocyte (monos) | agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection |
| platelets | thrombocytes; cell fragments in the blood essential for blood clotting |
| immunity | process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen |
| antigen | substance that, when introduced into the body, causes formation of antibodies against it |
| antibody | substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body |
| active immunity | an immunity that protects the body against a future infection, as the result of antibodies that develop naturally after contracting an infection or artificailly after administration of a vaccine |
| macrocytosis | presence of large red blood cells |
| microcytosis | presence of small red blood cells |
| Rh factor | presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother & fetus; resulting in fetal anemia |
| Rh positive | presence of antigens |
| Rh negative | absence of antigens |
| phlebotomy / venipuncture | incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing |
| blood chemistry | test of the fluid portion of blood to measure the presence of a chemical constituent |
| biochemistry panel chem profile (BCP) | battery of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood |
| sequential multiple analyzer (SMA) | trade name of the instrument first used to perform automated blood chemistry testing; the abbreviation is sometimes used to identify a chemistry panel |
| blood culture | test to determine infection in the bloodsteram by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorganisma |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | timed test to measure the rate at which red blood cells settle or fall thru a given volume of plasma |
| partial thromboplastin time (PTT) | test to determine coagulation defects such as platelet disorders |
| thromboplastin | substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation |
| prothrombin time (PT) | test to measure activity of prothrombin in the blood |
| prothrombin | protein substances in the blood that is essential to the clotting process |
| complete blood count (CBC) | one of the most common lab blood tests |
| white blood count (WBC) | count of the number of white blood cells per cubic millimeter |
| red blood count (RBC) | count of the number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter |
| hemoglobin (HGB or Hgb) | test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin (expressed in grams) |
| hematocrit (HCT or Hct) | a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood |
| blood indices | calculations of RBC, HGB, & HCT results to determine the average size, hemoglobin concentration, & content of red blood cells for classification of anemia |
| mean corpuscular (cell) volume | calculation of the volume of individual cells in cubic microns using HCT & RBC results: MCV = HCT / RBC |
| mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin (MCH) | calculation of the content in weight of hemoglobin in the average red blood cells using HGB and RBC results: MCH = HGB / HCT |
| mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) | calculation of the average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell using HGB & HCT results: MCHC = HGB / HCT |
| differential count | determination of the number of each type of white blood cells (leukocyte) seen on a stained blood smear |
| red cell morphology | part of identifying & counting of WBCs, the condition of the size & shape of the red blood cells in the background of the smeared slide is noted |
| platelet count (PLT) | calculation of the number of thrombocyts in the blood; normal range 150,000-450,000/cubic millimeters |
| bone marrow aspiration | needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathological exam |
| lymphangiogram | x-ray image of a lymph node or vessel taken after injection of a contrast medium |
