| A | B |
|---|
| Ostrogoths | invade italy |
| Visigoths | take over spain |
| Franks | take over France |
| Vandals | invade N. Africa |
| Clovis | (481-511)first german king, converts to christianity |
| Charles Martel | (714-754) MOP, "the hammer" defeats muslims at the battle of tours |
| Pepin the short | (753-768)crowned king by pope, defeats Lombards |
| Pope Stephen II | crowns pepin the short kng |
| Charlemagne | (768-814)named emperor, revives learning, increases christianity |
| Pope Leo III | named charlemagne emperor of Rome in 800 |
| Louis the Pious | (814-840)son of Charlemagne, has three sons |
| Charles the Bald | recieves France in Tof V |
| Louis the German | recieves Germany in T of V |
| Lothair | recieves Holy Roman Empire in Treaty of Verdun |
| Eric the Red | viking who discovered Iceland |
| Leif Ericson | son of Eric the red |
| Charles the simple | granted Rollo Normandy in 911 |
| Rollo | viking who is granted Normandy |
| Magyars | invaders from W. Asia, settled in hungary |
| Vikings | norsemen of Scandinavia, great warriors and shipbiulders |
| Pope Gregory VII | leading reformer, ended simony, lay investiture, marriage of priests, creates interdict, declares that popes are chosen by cardinals not kings |
| William Duke of Normandy | defeats England at the Battle of Hastings, William the Conquerer, begins centralization of gov't |
| Henry II | (1154-1189)increases power of the king and royal courts, introduces "jury", establishes common law |
| Hugh Capet | 1st ruler of Capetians in france |
| Pope Urban II | ignites 1st crusade |
| Alexius II | Byz. Emperor, asks Pope Urban for help when Seljuk Turks invade |
| Justinian | (527-565)Ruler of Byz.empire, conquers W. roman lands, built Hagia Sophia |
| Muhammad | prophet of islam |
| Arabs | threat to Byz. Empire, conquer much of Byz., N. Africa, Spain, stopped in battle of tours |
| turks | nomads from central asia, became islam |
| seljuk turks | overtake arabs, spurs on crusades |
| ottoman turks | attack Constantinople after crusades, gain control of asia minor |
| reign of justinian | 527-565 |
| battle of tours | 732 |
| pepin the short crowned king | 754 |
| crowning of Charlemagne | 800 |
| battle of hastings | oct. 14, 1066 |
| split of christian church | 1054 |
| fall of byz. empire | 1453 |
