| A | B |
|---|
| Modus Ponens | (1) P > Q, (2) P , therefore (3) Q. |
| Modus Tollens | (1) P > Q, (2) not Q, therefore (3) not P. |
| Hypothetical Syllogism | (1) P > Q, (2) Q > R, therefore (3) P > R. |
| Disjunctive Syllogism | (1) P v Q, (2) not P, therefore (3) Q. |
| Affirming the Consequent | (1) P > Q, (2) Q, therefore (3) P. |
| Denying the Antecedent | (1) P > Q, (2) not P, therefore (3) not Q. |
| Antecedent | The P part in "If P, then Q." |
| Consequent | The Q part in "If P, then Q." |
| Conditional | If P, then Q. |
| Hypothetical | If P, then Q. |
| Valid argument | IF all of the premises of the argument were true, then necessarily the conclusion would be true. |
| Invalid argument | One where it is possible to have a false conclusion with all true premises with this logical form. |
| Deductive argument | An argument where it is claimed that were all of the premises to be true, then necessarily the conclusion would be true. |
| Inductive argument | An argument where the conclusion is only probably true if all of the premises of the argument are true. |
| Logic | The science that evaluates good reasoning from bad reasoning. |
| Sound argument | A valid deductive argument with all true premises. |
| Cogent argument | An inductively strong argument with all true premises. |
| Unsound argument | A deductive argument that is either invalid or has at least one false premise, or both. |
| Uncogent argument | An inductive argument that is either weak or has at least one false premise, or both. |
