| A | B |
|---|
| atom | smallest part of an element that still shows the properties of the element |
| atomic number | number of protons in an element |
| acid | releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
| molecular formula | shows the kinds and ratios of atoms in a compound |
| covalent bond | bond is formed when atoms share electrons |
| element | substance composed of only one type of atom |
| ion | a charged atom |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses |
| nonpolar covalent bond | bond formed when atoms share electrons equally |
| amino acid | subunits that form proteins |
| carbohydrate | organic compound is used mostly for energy |
| cholesterol | steroid used to form the hormones testosterone and estrogen |
| disaccharide | double sugars |
| glycerol | three carbon alcohol that is an important component of lipids |
| hydrogen bond | bond formed by polar molecules attraction |
| monosaccharide | simplest forms of carbohydrates |
| phospholipid | phosphorous containing lipids of the cell membrane |
| polypeptide | name for proteins based on the type of bonds found in proteins |
| primary structure | protein structure is determined by the number of kinds of and sequence of amino acids |
| proteins | organic compound has the most different kinds of functions and is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
| saturated fatty acid | lipid component with only carbon to carbon single bonds in its hydrocarbon chain |
| starch | storage polysaccharide found in plants |
| tertiary structure | protein structure is determined by the interaction of variable groups within the polypeptide chain |
| unsaturated fatty acid | lipid component with some carbon to carbon double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain |
| hydrophobic | substance that cannot mix with water |
| atomic nucleus | contains the protons and neutrons |
| electron | negative particle found in an atom |
| inorganic compound | compound that does not contain carbon hydrogen and oxygen together |
| ionic bond | bond is formed by the transfer of electrons |
| neutron | neutral particle in an atom |
| organic compound | compound composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen together |
| proton | positive particle in an atom |
| amino group | group composed of nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms |
| carboxyl group | group composed of carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and bonded to a hydroxyl group |
| cellulose | structural polysaccharide found in plants |
| dna | genetic material of all organisms |
| fatty acid | component of a lipid contains a hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group on one end |
| glucose | sugar is used by all organisms in the process of respiration |
| glycogen | storage polysaccharide found in animals |
| lipid | organic compound stores the most energy and is used to form cell membranes |
| molecule | smallest part of a compound that still retains the properties of a compound |
| peptide bond | bond used to join amino acids |
| polar covalent bond | bond is formed when electrons are shared unequally |
| polysaccharide | carbohydrate is formed of long chains of simple sugars |
| quaternary structure | protein structure is formed by the interaction of variable groups between different polypeptide chains |
| secondary structure | protein structure is formed by the interaction of the amino groups and carboxyl groups within the polypeptide chain |
| hydrophillic | substance that can mix with and dissolve in water |
| dehydration synthesis | joining organic compunds by removing water |
| hydrolysis | breaking down organic compounds by adding water |
