Symbols and Charges for Monoatomic Ions Fixed Charge Symbol Name Symbol Name H+ hydrogen ion H- hydride Li+ lithium ion F- fluoride Na+ sodium ion Cl- chloride K+ potassium ion Br- bromide Rb+ rubidium ion I- iodide Cs+ cesium ion O2- oxide Be2+ beryllium ion S2- sulfide Mg2+ magnesium ion Se2- selenide Ca2+ calcium ion Te2- telluride Sr2+ strontium ion N3- nitride Ba2+ barium ion P3- phosphide Ra2+ radium ion As3- arsenide Ag+ silver ion Zn2+ zinc ion Al3+ aluminum ion Note that the letters in an ion's name before the -ide ending is the stem. For example, the stem for bromide is brom-. Also, just in case, the P for phosphide is a capital P. Symbols and Charges for Monoatomic Ions Variable Charge Systematic name Common Systematic name Common Symbol (Stock system) name Symbol (Stock system) name Cu+ copper(I) cuprous Hg22+ mercury(I) mercurous Cu2+ copper(II) cupric Hg2+ mercury(II) mercuric Fe2+ iron(II) ferrous Pb2+ lead(II) plumbous Fe3+ iron(III) ferric Pb4+ lead(IV) plumbic Sn2+ tin(II) stannous Co2+ cobalt(II) cobaltous Sn4+ tin(IV) stannic Co3+ cobalt(III) cobaltic Cr2+ chromium(II) chromous Ni2+ nickel(II) nickelous Cr3+ chromium(III) chromic Ni4+ nickel(IV) nickelic Mn2+ manganese(II) manganous Au+ gold(I) aurous Mn3+ manganese(III) manganic Au3+ gold(III) auric Symbols and Charges for Polyatomic Ions Formula Name Formula Name NO3- nitrate ClO4- perchlorate NO2- nitrite ClO3- chlorate CrO42- chromate ClO2- chlorite Cr2O72- dichromate ClO- hypochlorite CN- cyanide IO4- periodate MnO4- permanganate IO3- iodate OH- hydroxide IO- hypoiodite O22- peroxide BrO3- bromate NH2- amide BrO- hypobromite CO32- carbonate HCO3- hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) SO42- sulfate HSO4- hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate) SO32- sulfite HSO3- hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite) C2O42- oxalate HC2O4- hydrogen oxalate (binoxalate) PO43- phosphate HPO42- hydrogen phosphate PO33- phosphite H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate S2O32- thiosulfate HS- hydrogen sulfide AsO43- arsenate BO33- borate SeO42- selenate B4O72- tetraborate SiO32- silicate SiF62- hexafluorosilicate C4H4O62- tartrate C2H3O2- acetate (an alternate way to write acetate is CH3COO-) There is one positive polyatomic ion. It is NH4+ and is called the ammonium ion. Note: Writing just the plus sign or minus sign for ions with +1 or -1 charges is acceptable. !@#$%^&*()_+|+_)(*&^%$#@!~!@#$%^&*()_+|+_)(*&^%$#@!~!@##%$%^&%$*#%^$%&^^&(&*()*&)*(_&() There are Certain Formulas You Never Reduce The most common ones are with mercury(I), which is Hg22+. It is NEVER Hg+ by itself. It ALWAYS comes as a pair. There are reasons for this behavior, but that is beyond the scope of this work. Note: if anybody has found an explanation on the Web, let me know at ChemTeam@ClubNet.net, so I can set up a link. Thanks. And now, back to chemistry. Example #1: mercury(I) chloride The formula for this compound is Hg2Cl2. It is not HgCl. You will be marked wrong on a test for doing so. Example #2: mercury(I) nitrate The formula for this compound is Hg2(NO3)2. Once again, it is not reduced. Why? In nature, mercury(I) comes in a set of two atoms, NOT just one. The corresponding mercury(II) formula for the two examples would be HgCl2 and Hg(NO3)2. The second major category is peroxide, which is O22¯. Example #3: hydrogen peroxide The formula is H2O2 and it is not reduced to HO. Why? Same reason as above, peroxide travels as a group of two oxygen atoms, not one. Example #4: sodium peroxide The formula is Na2O2. Practice Problems Write the correct name for: 1) MgS 2) KBr 3) Ba3N2 4) Al2O3 5) NaI 6) SrF2 7) Li2S 8) RaCl2 9) CaO 10) AlP Answers to Set One Write the correct name for: 11) K2S 12) LiBr 13) Sr3P2 14) BaCl2 15) NaBr 16) MgF2 17) Na2O 18) SrS 19) BN 20) AlN Answers to Set Two Write the correct name for: 21) Cs2O 22) RbI 23) MgO 24) CaBr2 25) LiI 26) BeBr2 27) K2O 28) SrI2 29) BF3 30) Al2S3 Answer using the Stock system. Write the correct name for: 1) NiS 2) PbBr4 3) Pb3N2 4) Fe2O3 5) FeI2 6) Sn3P4 7) Cu2S 8) SnCl2 9) HgO 10) Hg2F2 Special words abou mercury Answers to Set One 11) CuCl2 12) CuBr 13) PbO 14) Fe2S3 15) NiCl2 16) SnO 17) Cu2O 18) PbO2 19) NiO2 20) SnO2 Answers to Set Two 21) Hg2O 22) Hg2I2 23) AuCl3 24) MnO 25) CrCl3 26) CoO 27) Mn2O3 28) Co2S3 29) AuF 30) CrBr2 Answers to Set Three Practice Problems The cations in this first set are all o fixed oxidation state, so no Roman numerals are needed. Write the correct name for: 1) AlPO4 2) KNO2 3) NaHCO3 4) CaCO3 5) Mg(OH)2 6) Na2CrO4 7) Ba(CN)2 8) K2SO4 9) NaH2PO4 10) NH4NO3 Answers to Set One These formulas involve the use of a polyatomic ion. The cations are all of ariable oxidation state, so Roman numerals are needed. Write the correct name for: 11) Sn(NO3)2 12) FePO4 13) Cu2SO4 14) Ni(C2H3O2)2 15) HgCO3 16) Pb(OH)4 17) Cu2Cr2O7 18) Cu(ClO3)2 19) FeSO4 20) Hg2(ClO4)2 Answers to Set Two These formulas mix the use of the two types of cations. Write the correct name for: 21) KClO3 22) SnSO4 23) Al(MnO4)3 24) Pb(NO3)2 25) Mg3(PO4)2 26) CuH2PO4 27) CaHPO4 28) Fe(HCO3)3 29) Na2CO3 30) MnSO4 Write the correct name for: 1) As4O10 2) BrO3 3) BN 4) N2O3 5) NI3 6) SF6 7) XeF4 8) PCl3 9) CO 10) PCl5 Answers to Set One Write the correct name for: 11) P2O5 12) S2Cl2 13) ICl2 14) SO2 15) P4O10 16) UF6 17) OF2 18) ClO2 19) SiO2 20) BF3 Answers to Set Two Write the correct name for: 21) N2S5 22) CO2 23) SO3 24) XeF6 25) KrF2 26) BrF5 27) SCl4 28) PCl3 29) XeO3 30) OsO4 Answers to Set Three
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