Symbols and Charges for Monoatomic Ions
Fixed Charge
Symbol Name Symbol Name
H+ hydrogen ion H- hydride
Li+ lithium ion F- fluoride
Na+ sodium ion Cl- chloride
K+ potassium ion Br- bromide
Rb+ rubidium ion I- iodide
Cs+ cesium ion O2- oxide
Be2+ beryllium ion S2- sulfide
Mg2+ magnesium ion Se2- selenide
Ca2+ calcium ion Te2- telluride
Sr2+ strontium ion N3- nitride
Ba2+ barium ion P3- phosphide
Ra2+ radium ion As3- arsenide
Ag+ silver ion
Zn2+ zinc ion Al3+ aluminum ion
Note that the letters in an ion's name before the -ide ending is the stem.
For example, the stem for bromide is brom-. Also, just in case, the P for
phosphide is a capital P.
Symbols and Charges for Monoatomic Ions
Variable Charge
Systematic name Common Systematic name Common
Symbol (Stock system) name Symbol (Stock system) name
Cu+ copper(I) cuprous Hg22+ mercury(I) mercurous
Cu2+ copper(II) cupric Hg2+ mercury(II) mercuric
Fe2+ iron(II) ferrous Pb2+ lead(II) plumbous
Fe3+ iron(III) ferric Pb4+ lead(IV) plumbic
Sn2+ tin(II) stannous Co2+ cobalt(II) cobaltous
Sn4+ tin(IV) stannic Co3+ cobalt(III) cobaltic
Cr2+ chromium(II) chromous Ni2+ nickel(II) nickelous
Cr3+ chromium(III) chromic Ni4+ nickel(IV) nickelic
Mn2+ manganese(II) manganous Au+ gold(I) aurous
Mn3+ manganese(III) manganic Au3+ gold(III) auric
Symbols and Charges for Polyatomic Ions
Formula Name Formula Name
NO3- nitrate ClO4- perchlorate
NO2- nitrite ClO3- chlorate
CrO42- chromate ClO2- chlorite
Cr2O72- dichromate ClO- hypochlorite
CN- cyanide IO4- periodate
MnO4- permanganate IO3- iodate
OH- hydroxide IO- hypoiodite
O22- peroxide BrO3- bromate
NH2- amide BrO- hypobromite
CO32- carbonate HCO3- hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)
SO42- sulfate HSO4- hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)
SO32- sulfite HSO3- hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)
C2O42- oxalate HC2O4- hydrogen oxalate (binoxalate)
PO43- phosphate HPO42- hydrogen phosphate
PO33- phosphite H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate
S2O32- thiosulfate HS- hydrogen sulfide
AsO43- arsenate BO33- borate
SeO42- selenate B4O72- tetraborate
SiO32- silicate SiF62- hexafluorosilicate
C4H4O62- tartrate
C2H3O2- acetate (an alternate way to write acetate is CH3COO-)
There is one positive polyatomic ion. It is NH4+ and is called the ammonium ion.
Note: Writing just the plus sign or minus sign for ions with +1 or -1 charges is
acceptable.
!@#$%^&*()_+|+_)(*&^%$#@!~!@#$%^&*()_+|+_)(*&^%$#@!~!@##%$%^&%$*#%^$%&^^&(&*()*&)*(_&()
There are Certain Formulas You Never Reduce
The most common ones are with mercury(I), which is Hg22+.
It is NEVER Hg+ by itself. It ALWAYS comes as a pair. There are reasons for this behavior, but that is beyond the scope of this work. Note: if anybody has found
an explanation on the Web, let me know at ChemTeam@ClubNet.net, so I can set up a link. Thanks. And now, back to chemistry.
Example #1: mercury(I) chloride
The formula for this compound is Hg2Cl2. It is not HgCl. You will be marked wrong on a test for doing so.
Example #2: mercury(I) nitrate
The formula for this compound is Hg2(NO3)2. Once again, it is not reduced. Why? In nature, mercury(I) comes in a set of two atoms, NOT just one.
The corresponding mercury(II) formula for the two examples would be HgCl2 and Hg(NO3)2.
The second major category is peroxide, which is O22¯.
Example #3: hydrogen peroxide
The formula is H2O2 and it is not reduced to HO. Why? Same reason as above, peroxide travels as a group of two oxygen atoms, not one.
Example #4: sodium peroxide
The formula is Na2O2.
Practice Problems
Write the correct name for:
1) MgS
2) KBr
3) Ba3N2
4) Al2O3
5) NaI
6) SrF2
7) Li2S
8) RaCl2
9) CaO
10) AlP
Answers to Set One
Write the correct name for:
11) K2S
12) LiBr
13) Sr3P2
14) BaCl2
15) NaBr
16) MgF2
17) Na2O
18) SrS
19) BN
20) AlN
Answers to Set Two
Write the correct name for:
21) Cs2O
22) RbI
23) MgO
24) CaBr2
25) LiI
26) BeBr2
27) K2O
28) SrI2
29) BF3
30) Al2S3
Answer using the Stock system.
Write the correct name for:
1) NiS
2) PbBr4
3) Pb3N2
4) Fe2O3
5) FeI2
6) Sn3P4
7) Cu2S
8) SnCl2
9) HgO
10) Hg2F2
Special words abou mercury
Answers to Set One
11) CuCl2
12) CuBr
13) PbO
14) Fe2S3
15) NiCl2
16) SnO
17) Cu2O
18) PbO2
19) NiO2
20) SnO2
Answers to Set Two
21) Hg2O
22) Hg2I2
23) AuCl3
24) MnO
25) CrCl3
26) CoO
27) Mn2O3
28) Co2S3
29) AuF
30) CrBr2
Answers to Set Three
Practice Problems
The cations in this first set are all o fixed oxidation state, so no Roman numerals are needed.
Write the correct name for:
1) AlPO4
2) KNO2
3) NaHCO3
4) CaCO3
5) Mg(OH)2
6) Na2CrO4
7) Ba(CN)2
8) K2SO4
9) NaH2PO4
10) NH4NO3
Answers to Set One
These formulas involve the use of a polyatomic ion. The cations are all of ariable oxidation state, so Roman numerals are needed.
Write the correct name for:
11) Sn(NO3)2
12) FePO4
13) Cu2SO4
14) Ni(C2H3O2)2
15) HgCO3
16) Pb(OH)4
17) Cu2Cr2O7
18) Cu(ClO3)2
19) FeSO4
20) Hg2(ClO4)2
Answers to Set Two
These formulas mix the use of the two types of cations.
Write the correct name for:
21) KClO3
22) SnSO4
23) Al(MnO4)3
24) Pb(NO3)2
25) Mg3(PO4)2
26) CuH2PO4
27) CaHPO4
28) Fe(HCO3)3
29) Na2CO3
30) MnSO4
Write the correct name for:
1) As4O10
2) BrO3
3) BN
4) N2O3
5) NI3
6) SF6
7) XeF4
8) PCl3
9) CO
10) PCl5
Answers to Set One
Write the correct name for:
11) P2O5
12) S2Cl2
13) ICl2
14) SO2
15) P4O10
16) UF6
17) OF2
18) ClO2
19) SiO2
20) BF3
Answers to Set Two
Write the correct name for:
21) N2S5
22) CO2
23) SO3
24) XeF6
25) KrF2
26) BrF5
27) SCl4
28) PCl3
29) XeO3
30) OsO4
Answers to Set Three
|
|
