| A | B |
|---|
| aerobic cellular respiration(89) | respiration that occurs WITH OXYGEN- very efficient- produces 36ATPs for each glucose molecule used. |
| alveoli (sing."alveolus"-557) | inside your sponge-like lungs, these are tiny sacs surrounded by capillaries- there are thousands of them- this is where OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE are actually "exchanged". |
| anaerobic cellular respiration(89) | respiration that occurs WITHOUT OXYGEN- not as efficient as aerobic- produces ONLY 2 ATPs for each glucose molecule used. |
| atom (802) | the smallest unit of an element that has all the properties of that element. |
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate- 45) | the energy released from carbohydrates and lipids during cellular respiration is transferred to this molecule and stored until needed by cells to fuel all their life processes. |
| breathing (556) | one part of RESPIRATION- the process of taking in air and absorbing out the OXYGEN... then CARBON DIOXIDE from your body is added to the air, and the stale air is exhaled. |
| bronchi (sing. "bronchus"- 557) | the two tubes that branch off of the TRACHEA and lead to your lungs. |
| bronchioles (557) | each BRONCHUS further branches into thousands of these tiny tubes. |
| byproduct (305) | a material formed after a chemical reaction that is NOT NEEDED- also called a "waste". |
| cellular respiration (89, 305) | chemical process that converts the energy stored in food into a form that cells can use- can be "aerobic" or "anaerobic". |
| chemical equation (803) | a useful way of describing a CHEMICAL REACTION using CHEMICAL FORMULAS. |
| chemical formula (803) | shows the ELEMENTS in a COMPOUND and how many ATOMS of each ELEMENT are present. |
| chemical reaction (803) | this is what takes place when a CHEMICAL CHANGE occurs... described using a CHEMICAL EQUATION. |
| chlorophyll (77, 88, 304) | a GREEN PIGMENT found in plant organelles called "CHLOROPLASTS" that absorb the energy of light for PHOTOSYNTHESIS. |
| chloroplast (71) | an energy-converting organelle found in plants and algae- they have 2 MEMBRANES and "flattened" structures that look like "stacks of coins"- contain the GREEN PIGMENT "CHLOROPHYLL". |
| co-efficient ( H.O.) | the LARGER NUMBER written on the line, in front of a CHEMICAL FORMULA for a compound- shows HOW MANY MOLECULES there are. |
| compound (803) | this is formed when 2 or more DIFFERENT ELEMENTS are CHEMICALLY COMBINED. |
| diaphragm (558) | a dome shaped muscle underneath your lungs... when it CONTRACTS and MOVES DOWN, it INCREASES the CAPACITY of your CHEST to suck in AIR. |
| element (802) | a substance that CAN NOT BE SEPARATED into simpler components by ORDINARY CHEMICAL MEANS. |
| fermentation (89) | a type of ANAEROBIC respiration that takes place in YEAST- produces CO2 and "alcohol"(C2H5OH) as BYPRODUCTS and a SMALL amount of energy(2 ATP). |
| glucose (88) | the simple sugar (a carbohydrate) which is the "FOOD" plants make during PHOTOSYNTHESIS- C6H12O6 |
| guard cells (306) | act like DOUBLE DOORS, opening and closing a "gap" in a leaf's epidermis called a "STOMA"- where CARBON DIOXIDE "ENTERS" the leaf, and OXYGEN produced during photosynthesis "EXITS" the leaf. |
| lactic acid (91) | a BYPRODUCT of "anaerobic respiration" in MUSCLE CELLS- contributes to muscle fatigue after strenuous activity. |
| larynx (557) | upper part of you TRACHEA or "windpipe"- also called your "VOICEBOX" because it contains your VOCAL CORDS. |
| lungs (557) | sponge-like organs that take OXYGEN from the air and deliver it to the body. |
| matter (802) | anything that "takes up space" (volume) and has "mass". |
| mitochondria (sing."mitochondrion"-71) | bean-shaped organelle surrounded by 2 MEMBRANES where "AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION" occurs producing ATP. |
| molecule (803) | 2 or more ATOMS chemically combined- smallest COMPLETE UNIT of a COMPOUND that still has the properties of the compound. |
| nose (556) | primary passageway into and out of the respiratory system. |
| pharynx (557) | also called the "THROAT"- located behind the nose and in front of the LARYNX- passageway for AIR, FOOD, and DRINK. |
| photosynthesis (71, 88) | process that occurs in the CHLOROPLAST where energy from light is trapped by CHLOROPHYLL and used to make "FOOD"( the sugar GLUCOSE-C6H12O6) |
| pigments (88) | molecules in plant cells that absorb the energy of light- CHLOROPHYLL is the main "pigment" used in photosynthesis- gives plants their "green" color. |
| products (H.O.) | materials formed after a CHEMICAL REACTION- written AFTER the "arrow" in a CHEMICAL EQUATION. |
| reactants (H.O.) | the materials that actually take part in the CHEMICAL REACTION- written BEFORE the "arrow" in a CHEMICAL EQUATION. |
| respiratory system (556) | consists of the LUNGS, THROAT("pharynx"), and passageways that lead to the LUNGS- makes BREATHING possible. |
| respiration (89) | the EXCHANGE OF GASSES between living cells and their environment; includes "breathing" and "cellular respiration". |
| stomata (306) | an opening in a leaf's epidermis that allows CARBON DIOXIDE to ENTER, and OXYGEN and WATER VAPOR to EXIT the leaf. |
| subscript number (803) | number used AFTER the symbol for an ELEMENT to indicate HOW MANY ATOMS OF THAT ELEMENT are in a SINGLE MOLECULE of a COMPOUND-written TO THE RIGHT and SLIGHTLY BELOW the symbol. |
| trachea (557) | large tube that acts as the passageway for AIR traveling from the LARYNX to the LUNGS- also called the "WINDPIPE". |
| transpiration (306) | the LOSS OF WATER VAPOR from leaves when the STOMATA are OPEN- too much causes a plant to "wilt". |
