| A | B |
|---|
| organic compounds | complex molecules with a C "backbone" found in living things |
| monomers | the single unit building blocks of polymers |
| polymers | are built from repeating monomers held together by condensation |
| macromolecules | large polymers / really big molecules |
| condensation reaction | uniting two organic molecules by removing a water from between them |
| hydrolysis reaction | splitting an organic molecule into two by inserting a water molecule |
| disaccharide | two sugars combined by condensation |
| polysaccharides | three or more sugars combined by condensation |
| monosaccharides | the monomers of all carbohydrates |
| carbohydrates | organic compounds with C, H, and O with a 2:1 H:O ratio |
| proteins | organic molecules composed of C, H, O & N with amino acid monomers |
| amino acids | the monomer building blocks of proteins |
| peptide bond | the covalent bond between amino acids |
| substrate | the reactant being catalyzed by an enzyme |
| enzymes | proteins that act as catalysts for living chemical reactions |
| lipids | large, nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water |
| fatty acids | unbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids |
| hydrophilic | means "water loving" |
| hydrophobic | means "water fearing" |
| nucleic acids | large organic molecules in charge of storing information in cells |
| DNA | nucleic acid in charge of the hereditary code |
| RNA | nucleic acid that transfers the hereditary code by making proteins |
| glucose | the monosaccharide made during photosynthesis |
| catalyze | to speed up a chemical reaction |
| pH | a measure of how acid or basic a solution is |
| synthesized | the process by which a chemical is made |
| precursor | a chemical that must come before another can be sythesized |
| atom | the building blocks of molecules |
| proton | a subatomic particle that is positive |
| neutron | a subatomic particle that is neutral |
| electron | a subatomic particle that is negative |
| atomic number | number on the periodic table that tells the number of protons |
| mass number | the number of protons and the average number of neutrons |
| covalent bond | bonds created by atoms sharing electrons |
| fructose | monosaccharide that is fruit sugar |
| galactose | monosaccharide that is bean sugar |
| maltose | disaccharide that is grain sugar |
| lactose | disaccharide that is milk sugar |
| sucrose | disaccharide that is table sugar |
| starch | polysaccharide made of single chains of simple sugars |
| cellulose | polysaccharide made of double chains of simple sugars |
| oils | a liquid lipid made by plants |
| fats | a solid lipid made by animals to store energy |
| saturated fat | fat with single bonds between all carbons with maximum hydrogen atoms |
| unsaturated fat | fat with some double bonds between carbons and less hydrogen |
