| A | B |
|---|
| What's the longest river in the world? | The Nile River |
| What is "the Black Land"? | Fertile land along the Nile |
| What is "the Red Land"? | Desert |
| When did annual flooding along the Nile occur? | In July; it receded in October. |
| What was the "gift of the Nile?" | Egypt |
| What cycle did peasants along the Nile repeat every year? | Flood...plant...harvest |
| Define "cataract". | Churning rapids in the Nile |
| What's a "delta"? | a broad, marshy, triangular area of land formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of a river |
| If flood waters were lower than normal, what resulted? | The amount of fresh silt and water for crops was much less. |
| If Nile flooding wasmore than usual, what resulted? | Water spread beyond fields to mud-brick villages, destroying houses, granaries, seeds. |
| What restricted interaction of Egyptians with other cultures? | The deserts on either side of the Nile |
| How did the deserts help the Egyptians? | They shut out invaders; Egypt was spared much warfare. |
| With whom did the Egyptians trade? | 3200 BC: Mesopotamia; 2000 BC: Nubia & Kush |
| What was a big difference between Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultures? | Egyptians blended the cultures of the peoples who migrated into the Nile Valley; Egypt had cultural, ethnic, racial diversity. |
| What were the two Egyptian kingdoms around 3200 BC? | Lower Egypt and Upper Eypt |
| What was the symbol of Menes' rule? | a double crown combining the red and white crowns of the Upper & Lower Egypts. |
| What years were covered by the "Old Kingdom"? | It lasted from 2660 to 2180 BC |
| What was a "pharaoh"? | Egyptian god-kings |
| What is a theocracy? | a government form inwhich the ruler is a divine figure |
| What is "ka"? | the eternal spirit of the king that lived on after his death |
| What was the purpose of a "pyramid"? | Pyramids were where kings of The Old Kingdom were buried. |
| Who was the two most important Egyptian gods? | Ra, the sun god, and Horus, the fod of light |
| Who was the most important goddess? | Isis, who represented the ideal mom and wife |
| How many gods & goddesses did Egyptians worship? | More that 2000! |
| What was Osiris' job? | He judged a dead person's heart, deciding if one won eternal life.(37) |
| What was "mummification"? | the embalming & drying of a corpse to prevent decay |
| What was the BOOK OF THE DEAD? | Texts put in a coffin; often contained proof a soul was worthy of eternal life. |
| What was the class system in Egyptian society? | Top: king, queen, royal family. Next: wealthy landowners, gov't. officials, priests, army commanders; Next: middle class; base: peasant farmers; unskilled laborers; very bottom: slaves. |
| How could one move up in an Egyptian social class? | through marriage or success in a job |
| How could one reach the highest position in social class? | The person had to read & write and earn the position in the army, royal treasury, priesthood, king's court. |
| How were women treated in Egyptian society? | They had the same rights as men. |
| Define "hieroglyphics". | the writing system of the Egyptians |
| What was papyrus? | reeds that the Egyptians treated, creating a paperlike sheet |
| What were some of the things the Egyptians developed in science & technology? | system of written numbers; early form of geometry; pyramids, palaces, stone columns; calendar; some medicine including surgery. |
| About when did the Old Kingdom decline? | around 2180 BC |
| What was the First Intermediate Period? | the period of weakness and turmoil of the Egyptian Old Kingdom |
| What happened during the Middle Kingdom? | Strong pharaohs came, build canals, created new trade, huge dikes, new acres of farmland. |
| Who were the Hyksos? | Asian nomads swept across Isthmus of Suez in chariots. |
| When did the Hyksos rule Egypt? | During the Second Intermediate Period from 640 to 1570 BC. |
