| A | B |
|---|
| hypotonic | has a lower concentration of solutes than on the other side of the membrane |
| hypertonic | has a higher concentration of solutes than on the other side of the membrane |
| crenation | when an animal cell shrinks from water loss |
| cytolysis | when an animal cell swells from water gain |
| plasmolysis | when a plant cell membrane shrinks from water loss |
| turgor pressure | when water pressure builds up inside a plant cell from water gain |
| isotonic | when the concentration of solutes on both sides of a membrane is equal |
| contractile vacuole | what a fresh water protist uses to get rid of excess water |
| phospholipid bilayer | what the cell membrane is made of that makes it semipermeable |
| transport proteins | make channels and pores to get substances across a cell membrane |
| hydrophobic | describes the lipid tails in the membrane |
| hydrophylic | describes the phosphate heads in the membrane |
| passive transport | the general term for transport that does not use energy |
| active transport | the general term for transport that uses energy |
| diffusion | the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| osmosis | a special case describing the diffusion of water through a membrane |
| facilitated diffusion | uses a transport protein, but no energy |
| atp | molecule that carries energy in the body |
| ion pump | carry ions across the membrane from a low concentration to a high concentration |
| cotransport | when cells use energy to carry two molecules across the membrane at the same time |
| endocytosis | bringing materials into the cell through infolding or inpocketing of the cell membrane |
| exocytosis | releasing materials out of the cell membrane from a vesicle that fuses with the membrane |
| phagocytosis | cell "eating" of particles |
| pinocytosis | cell "drinking" of liquid |
