| A | B |
|---|
| photosynthesis | plants caputre light from the sun and convert it into sugar |
| cellular respiration | ATP is produced from oxygen and glucose, releases carbon dioxide as a waste product |
| fermentation | the breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen |
| exocytosis | process used to remove large particles from a cell |
| endocytosis | process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell |
| mitoses | nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes |
| chromotids | identical copies of a chromosome |
| chromosome | coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division |
| binary fission | the simple cell division used by bacteria in which one cell splits into two |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes with matching information |
| centromere | the region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated |
| cytokinesis | the process in which cytoplasm divides after mitosis |
| active transport | the movement of particles through proteins in the cell membrane against the directionn of diffusion, requires cells to use energy |
| passive transport | the diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membrane from areas where the concentration of particles is high to areas where the concentration of particles is low |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a cell membrane |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low |
| cell cycle | the life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotics if consists of chromosome duplication, mitosis, and cytokinesis |
