| A | B |
|---|
| Why did the Europeans control such a small portion of Africa in the 1800s? | African ARMIES and TRADERS kept them out and the RIVERS were impassable, making it difficult to get inland |
| Which types of people did make it into the interior of Africa in the mid 1800s? | Explorers, missionaries and humanitarians |
| David Livingstone | A minister from Scotland who traveled to Africa in the late 1860s in search of the source of the Nile |
| Leopold II of Belgium | Signed a treaty with the local chiefs of the Congo to give him control of the land; exploited land and people for sap from rubber plants |
| imperialism | The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic and social life of the people |
| How did the Industrial Revolution fuel imperialism? | As countries industrialized, they searched for new markets and raw materials |
| racism | the idea that one race is superior to others |
| Social Darwinism | Charles Darwin's theory about evolution and "survival of the fittest" is applied to social change |
| Maxim gun | First automatic machine gun invented in 1889; helped Europeans in their conquest for Africa |
| Quinine | Drug that protected Europeans from malaria |
| What were some internal factors that made the European conquest of Africa easier? | Huge variety of languages discouraged unity among tribes; wars fought among tribes discouraged unity as well |
| What were some external factors that helped the Europenas colonize Africa? | New weapons (maxim gun) technological advances (steam engine, railroads, cables) and a new drug that protected them from malaria |
| Berlin Conference 1884-85 | Conference among 14 European nations to lay down rules for the division of Africa |
| What was the major source of wealth in Africa? | Rich mineral resources: copper, tin, gold and diamonds |
| Shaka | a Zula chief in Southern Africa who was able to create a centralized state; Zulu land became part of the British empire in 1887 |
| Boers | Dutch settlers in South Africa |
| Great Trek | The migration north of thousands of Boers when the British began to settle in South Africa |
| Boer War 1899 | War between the British and the Dutch in South Africa; the British won |
