The first form of biological warfare?
Sometimes brute strength isn't enough. Ancient combatants - Greek, Roman, and otherwise - often sought creative means of winning a battle, especially when they were the underdog. Whether the element of surprise, deception, or pure theatrics were used, it was often the innovator who carried the day. This workshop takes a look at some creative strategies for winning when the odds are definitely against you!
Class Syllabus
Brief Bibliography
- Arrian, The Anabasis of Alexander (various translations available)
- David Bright and Barbara Bowen. “Emblems, Elephants, and Alexander,” Studies in Philology, (1983), 14-24
- Peter Connolly, Greece and Rome at War (2006)
- Julius Caesar, The Gallic Wars (various translations available)
- Adrienne Mayor, Greek Fire, Poison Arrows and Scorpion Bombs (2004)
- H. H. Scullard. The Elephant in the Greek and Roman World (1974)
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