| A | B |
|---|
| Epinephrine classification | catecholamine |
| Epinephrine actions | increases heart rate, peripheral vascular resistance and cardiac output, during CPR increases myocardial and cerebral blood flow |
| Epinephrine dose | IV/IO: 0.01 mg/kg of 1:10,000 solution (equals 0.1 mL/kg of the 1:10,000 solution); repeat every 3-5 min |
| Amiodarone classification | atrial and ventricular antiarrhythmic |
| Amiodarone actions | slows AV nodal and ventricular conduction, increases the QT interval and may cause vasodilation |
| Amiodarone dose for VF/PVT | IV/IO; 5 mg/kg bolus |
| Amiodarone dose for perfusing VT or perfusing SVT | IV/IO; 5 mg/kg over 20-60 min |
| Amiodarone max dose | 15 mg/kg per 24 hours |
| Amiodarone precautions (side effects) | hypotension, Torsades, half-life is up to 40 days |
| Lidocaine classification | ventricular antiarrhythmic |
| When should Lidocaine be considered? | When amiodarone is unavailable |
| Lidocaine actions | decreases ventricular automaticity, conduction and repolarization |
| Lidocaine dose in VF, PVT, or perfusing VT | IV/IO; 1 mg/kg bolus every 5-15 minutes |
| Lidocaine infusion dose | 20-50 mcg/kg/min |
| Licocaide precautions (side effects) | hypotension and bradycardia |
| Procainamide classification | atrial and ventricular antiarrhythmic to consider for perfusing rhythms |
| Procainamide dose for perfusing recurrent VT or recurrect SVT | IV/IO; 15 mg/kg infused over 30-60 min |
| Procainamide precautions (side effects) | hypotension; use it with extreme caution with amiodarone as it can cause AV block |
| Drug of choice for pediatric bradycardia after oxygen and ventilation | Epinephrine |
| Vagtolytic to consider for bradycardia after oxygen, ventilation, and epinephrine | Atropine |
| Atropine actions | Blocks vagal input therefore increases SA node activity and improves AV conduction |
| Atropine dose | 0.02 mg/kg; may double amount for second dose |
| Atropine max doses | child - 1 mg; adolescent - 2 mg |
| Atropine precautions (side effects) | do not give less than 0.1 mg, or may worsen the bradycardia |
| Drug of choice for symptomatic SVT | Adenosine |
| Adenosine action | blocks AV node conduction for a few seconds to interrupt AV node re-entry |
| Adenosine dose | First: 0.1 mg/kg with max of 6mg; second: 0.2 mg/kg with max of 12 mg |
| Adenosine precautions (side effects) | transient AV block or asystole; has very short half-life |
| Dobutamine classification | synthetic catecholamine |
| Dobutamine actions | increases force of contraction and heart rate; causes mild peripheral dilation; may be used to treat shock |
| Dobutamine dose | IV/IO infusion of 2-20 mcg/min |
| Dobutamine precautions (side effects) | tachycardia |
| Dopamine classification | catecholamine |
| Dopamine actions | dose dependent; may be used to treat shock |
| Dopamine low dose effects | increases force of contraction and cardiac output |
| Dopamine medium dose effects | increases peripheral vascular resistance, BP, and cardiac output |
| Dopamine high dose effects | higher increase in peripheral vascular resistance, BOP, cardiac work and oxygen demand |
| Glucose actions | increases blood glucose in hypoglycemia; prevents hypoglycemia when insulin is used to treat hyperkalemia |
| Glucose dose | IV/IO; 0.5-1 g/kg; this equals 2-4 mL/kg of D25 OR 5-10 mL/kg of D10 OR 10-20 mL/kg of D5 |
| Glucose precautions (side effects) | max recommended should not exceed D25%; hyperglycemia may worsen neuro outcome |
| Naloxone classification | opiate antagonist |
| Naloxone actions | reverses respiratory depression effects of narcotics |
| Naloxone dose for < 5 years or 20 kg | IV/IO; 0.1 mg/kg |
| Naloxone dose for > 5 years or 20 kg | IV/IO; up to 2 mg |
| Naloxone precautions (side effects) | half-life is usually less than that of the narcotic, so repeat dosing is often required |
| Sodium bicarb classification | pH buffer for prolonged arrest, hyperkalemia, tricyclic overdose |
| Sodium bicarb action | increases blood pH helping to correct metabolic acidosis |
| Sodium bicarb dose | 1 mEq/kg clow bolus; give only after effective ventilation is established |
| Sodium bicarb precautions (side effects) | causes other drugs to precipitate so flush IV tubing before and after |
