| A | B |
|---|
| Drugs that produce a response by stimulating receptor sites | agonists |
| Drugs that block a response by blocking receptor sites | antagonists |
| SSRI stands for this | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
| Anticholinergic effects | decrease in GI motility, decrease in salivation, decrease in bladder contraction (urinary retention), increase pulse rate, pupil dilation (mydriasis) and tremors visual changes, constipation |
| A decreased responsiveness to a drug over the course of drug therapy | tolerance |
| Unintended effects | Adverse reactions |
| When the drug level exceeds therapeutic range is is said to be | toxic |
| The margin of safety of a drug through use of ratio that measures the effect. We want the drug to be... | therapeutic |
| 5 plus 5 rights of medication administration | client, drug, dose, time, route - assessment, documentation, educate, evaluation, refuse |
| Official or non-proprietary name not owned by a company | Generic |
| Proprietary name chosen by drug company and is trademarked by the manufacturer | Brand |
| MAO inhibitors food restriction | Anything with increased tyramine (aged cheese, red wine, and bananas |
| Medication will be given non-stop - this term is... | continuous |
| Medication will be given as needed - this term is | PRN |
| Medication will be given under the tongue - this term is... | sublingual |
| Dissolving of the smaller particles in the GI tract fluid before absorption | Dissolution |
| Movement of drug particles from GI tract to body fluids | Absorption |
| Most drugs are inactivated enzymes and are then converted or transformed by hepatic (liver) enzymes to inactive metabolites or water-soluble substances for excretion | Biotransformation (Metabolism) |
| Main route of this is through kidneys. Also can be through several other routes. | Excretion (Elimination) - also through bile, feces, lungs, saliva, sweat, and breast milk |
| Time it takes for one half of drug concentration to be eliminated | Half life |
| Subcategory of absorption. It is the percentage of the administered drug dose that reaches the systemic ciruclation | Bioavailability |
| Highest plasma concentration of drug at a specific time, and measure the rate of absorption | Peak |
| Lowest plasma concentration of a drug and it measures rate at which drug is eliminated | Trough |
| Most medication is metabolised (inactivated) in what organ? | Liver (watch liver enzymes) |
| This is how long it takes for absorption with IV administration. | Immediate |
| Metabolism may be slowed and medication action prolonged if this is a problem... | Liver function is compromised (elderly, alcoholics) |
| The P450 cycle is a collection of lever enzymes which metabolises many medications. It can therefore contribute to this... | potential drug interactions |
| Most medications are excreted through the... | kidneys (watch creatinine levels - if high, dose may need to be adjusted) |
| Remember this about medications with a narrow therapeutic index... | They have a lethal dose relatively close to their therapeutic dose |
| Many medications cannot pass this... | blood brain barrier |
| Drug induced teratogenesis is most likely to occur during this trimester... | first |
| Drug classification of choice for status epilepticus (continued seizures) | benzodiazepines (Lorazepam (Ativan) or Diazepam (Valium) |
| Drug commonly used as an anticonvulsant... | Phenytoin (Dilantin) |
| Dilantin can be administered these two ways... | IV and PO |
| Significant side effects of IV Dilantin administration... | arrhythmias, hypotension, tissue damage from infiltration |
| Only mix IV Dilantin with this... | normal saline |
| Never give IV Dilantin faster than... | 50mg per minute |
| Chronic use of Dilantin can cause this... | gum dysplasia |
| Therapeutic serum level of Dilantin | 10-20 |
| Newer and safer version of Dilantin... | Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) |
| If someone has been taking an anticonvulsant, never do this as far as discontinuing it... | discontinue abruptly |
| Side effect of the anticonvulsant Carbamazepine (Tegretol) | Bone Marrow suppression |
| Side effect of the anticonvulsant Valproic Acid (Depakote)... | Liver dysfunction |
| Side effect of the anticonvulsant Lamotrigine (Lamictal)... | Severe rash |
| Parkinson's disease is caused by a deficiency of ___ or an excess of ___ | Deficiency of Dopamine; excess of acetylcholine IN THE CNS |
| Myasthenia Gravis is treated by increasing the amount of Acetylcholine at the... | neuromuscular junction |
| These medications will be used in myasthenia gravis to increase the amount of acetylcholine... | Neostigmine (Prostigmine) and Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) |
| This is the enzyme that degrades acetylcholine... | acetylcholinesterase |
| Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat alzheimer's... | Donepezil (Aricept) |
| Glaucoma medications are designed to do this... | Decrease pressure in the anterior chamber (so most are diuretics or miotics) |
| Term for pupil constriction... | miosis |
| Term for pupil dilation... | mydriasis |
