STUDY GUIDE: CHAPTER ONE/CHAPTER TWO
This test is NOT going to be a measure of how well you can memorize key terms... it is going to test you on how well you can APPLY the information to different scenarios and problems. For example, I might give you an object and have you describe the object using 7-9 key terms.
EXAMPLE:: I might ask you to list (using key terms) 5 characteristic properties of water.
EXAMPLE: I might ask you this, "Sugar is a pure substance, therefore what else do you know? (4-5 key terms)
EXAMPLE: I might give you the word "SALT WATER" and ask you to write 7 facts based on key terms.
TEST is on JANUARY 25th and 26th - BLOCK DAYS!!!
KEY TERMS
CHAPTER 1 SECTION 1 KEY TERMS: define, give an example, and apply to a scenario
matter, Chemistry, Substance, physical property, chemical property, element, atom, chemical bond
molecule, compound, chemical formula, mixture, heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous mixture, solution,
CHAPTER 1 SECTION 2 KEY TERMS: define, give an example, and apply to a scenario
mass, weight, volume, density, International System of Units
CHAPTER 1 SECTION 3 KEY TERMS: define, give an example, and apply to a scenario
physical change, chemical change, law of conservation of mass, energy, temperature, thermal energy, endothermic change,
exothermic change
MISC KEY TERMS (from Powerpoints,labs, etc): define, give an example, and apply to a scenario
extensive properties, intensive properties, characteristic properties, pure substances , prefix hetero, prefix homo,
prefix endo, prefix exo,
CHAPTER 2 SECTION 1 KEY TERMS: define, give an example, and apply to a scenario
solid, crystalline solid, amorphous solid, liquid, fluid, surface tension, viscosity, gas, plasma,
CHAPTER 2 SECTION 2 KEY TERMS: define, give an example, and apply to a scenario
melting, melting point, freezing, vaporization, evaporation, boiling, boiling point, condensation, sublimation
CHAPTER 2 SECTION 3 KEY TERMS: define, give an example, and apply to a scenario
Pressure, Boyle's Law, Charles's Law,
MATH:
Boyle’s Law is V1 X P1 = V2 X P2.
Volume will be measured in mL, but remember…. that larger volumes may be measured in Liters (L) or cm3.
Pressure = Force/Area
Pressure is often measured in kPa (kilopascals) but you need to know that it can also be measured in the following:
atm = atmospheric pressure/pressure of the air at sea level (1 atm = 101.3 kPa)
Pa = pascals (1000Pa = 1 kPa)
Pressure = Force/Area
Force is measures in Newton’s
Area can be measured in cm2 or m2
Area = Force/Pressure
1 N/m2 = 1 Pascal
Charles’s Law
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Volume is mostly measured in mL (but can be L or cm3)
Temp is measure in Kelvins (K)
K = (°C + 273)
You will need to know the following:
1. Rules for changing from standard notation to scientific notation
2. Rules for changing from scientific notation to standard notation
3. Rules for counting number of sig figs
4. Rules for adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing with SIG FIGS
5. How to round to the correct number of sig figs
Odds and Ends:
1. Formula for Pressure (how to rearrange to calculate P, F, or a)
2. Formula for Boyle's Law
2b. Formula for Charles Law
3. Difference between weight and mass
4. Examples for all key terms
5. Density of pure water
6. Volume = L X W X H
7. Formulas for density (d=m/v) or (m= d x v) or (v = m/d)
8. 3 main principles of density (powerpoint)
9. 1mL = 1 cm3
10. How to calculate volume of an irregular shaped object
11. What do "homo" and "hetero" mean?
12. What is the formula for sugar?
13. What is the formula for salt?
14. Symbol for density (it is rho which is a p... but you do not need to know this!)
15. SI unit for mass (according to book)
16. SI unit for volume (according to book)
17. What does the prefix endo mean?
18. What does the prefix exo mean?
19. What are polymers? (You can skip this!)
20. Review your labs, powerpoints, and notes
21. Explain how the particles of solids, liquids, and gases move.
22. Explain why a balloon gets smaller if you take it outside in the winter.
23. Explain why marshmallows expand in a vacuum
24. What types of gas does alka seltzer create and what are some of the uncommon uses of alka-seltzer?
25. Explain how to make a graph of both Charles's Law and Boyle's Law.
26. Describe how each of the graphs look and what the graph tells you.
27. How does temperature relate to the motion of particles?
28. What are the four states of matter?
29. Which state(s) of matter can easily expand, and which can easily compress?
30. What happens to the particles of an object as the heat is increased?
31. What does it mean that properties of materials are flexible?
32. What happens to the gas particles when the air in an inflated ball leaks out?
33. How does air pressure affect the flight of a baseball?
34. What does air pressure tell you about weather?
35. Are particles completely motionless?
36. How do you change from Celsius to Kelvins?
EXTENSIVE VS INTENSIVE -
Another way of separating kinds of properties is to think about whether or not the size of a sample would affect a particular property. No matter how much pure copper you have, it always has the same distinctive color. No matter how much water you have, it always freezes at zero degrees Celsius under standard atmospheric conditions. Methane gas is combustible, no matter the size of the sample. Properties, which do not depend on the size of the sample involved, like those described above, are called intensive properties. Some of the most common intensive properties are; density, freezing point, color, melting point, reactivity, luster, malleability, and conductivity.
Extensive properties are those that do depend on the size of the sample involved. A large sample of carbon would take up a bigger area than a small sample of carbon, so volume is an extensive property. Some of the most common types of extensive properties are; length, volume, mass and weight.
If object has a density > than 1.00 g/mL it will sink in water and if it is < than 1.00 g/mL it will float in water.
This test is NOT going to be a measure of how well you can memorize key terms... it is going to test you on how well you can APPLY the information to different scenarios and problems. For example, I might give you an object and have you describe the object using 7-9 key terms.
You will also be required to compare and contrast key terms with each other.
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