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Latin via Ovid Chpt. XX Perfect Passive Tenses
The perfect passive tenses are formed by combining the perfect participle (e.g. ductus, -a, -um: led, amatus, -a, -um: loved) with the auxiliary verb esse: to be. So, ducta sum: I have been led is the perfect passive (participle agrees with subject, here 'I' is a woman). Ductus eram: I had been led is the pluperfect ('I' is a man here). Ducti erimus: we will have been led is the future perfect ('we' are men or a mixed group). Practice with the following verbs: Amo, amare, amavi, amatum (love) Teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum (hold) Duco, ducere, duxi, ductum (lead) Audio, audire, audivi, auditum (hear)
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