| A | B |
|---|
| If you were told that there were 350 deer in an area that covers 10 square kilometers, how would you calculate the population density of the deer? | You would divide the total population (in this case, 350 deer) by the area of land the population inhabits (in this case, 10 square kilometers) to get the population density (in this case, 35 deer per square kilometer) |
| The movement of organisms into a given area from another area is called ____. | immigration |
| When organisms leave a certain area, the movement is called ___. | emigration |
| For a population to grow, the ____ rate must be bigger than the ____ rate | birthrate must be larger than the deathrate |
| When individuals reproduce at a constant rate, ____ growth occurs. | exponential |
| The various growth phases through which most populations go are represented on a(an) ____. | logistic growth curve |
| As resources in a population become less available, the population ___. | reaches carrying capacity |
| In a logistic growth curve, exponential growth is the phase in which the population ___. | grows quickly |
| When the exponential phase of a logistic growth curve of a population ends, the ____. | population continues to grow, but at a slower and slower rate. |
| The number of individuals per unit area is a population’s ____. | density |
| Logistic growth occurs when a population’s growth __________ , after a period of rapid growth. | slows down or stops |
| Under conditions of logistic growth, population size will rise and fall around an average point called the ____. | carrying capacity |
| What are four ways to characterize a population? | geographic distribution, density, growth rate, and age structure |
| Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, a population will grow _____. | exponentially |
| The graph of exponential population growth is describes as a _____-shaped curve. | J-shaped curve |
| The graph of logisticl population growth is describes as a _____-shaped curve. | S-shaped |
Which type of population growth does this graph show?,  | This graph shows exponential growth, which only happens under ideal conditions with unlimited space, food and no predators., |
Which type of population growth does this graph show?,  | Logistic growth, |
| At which point in the graph below is the population growth rate accelerating?, | Point A, |
| At which point in the graph below is the population growth rate the highest?, | The population growth "rate" is the highest at point B, |
| At which point in the graph below is the population growth rate starting to slow down?, | Point C, |
| At which point in the graph below is the population the highest?, | The population is the highest at point D (look along the y-axis), |
| At which point on the graph below is the population growth rate the lowest?, | The population growth rate is lowest at point D (notice that the population, even though it is at its highest, has stopped growing), |
| At which point in the graph below is the population at the carrying capacity?, | The population has reached the carrying capacity at point D. Remember, the carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals that the environment can support., |
| Limiting factors are factors that cause _______ to decrease. | population growth |
| What do we call factors that cause population growth to decrease? | Limiting factors |
| Give five examples of limiting factors. | Competition, predation, parasitism and disease, unnatural climate extremes, human disturbances |
| Give 2 examples of unnatural climate extremes that can act as limiting factors. | Drought and ice ages |
| Give two examples of human disturbances that can act as limiting factors. | Deforestation and oil spills |
| What is a density-dependent factor? | A density-dependent factor is a limiting factor that affects denser populations more than less dense populations. |
| What is a density-independent factor? | A density-independent factor is a limiting factor that affects dense populations just as much as less dense populations. |
| Give 3 examples of density-dependent factors. | Competition, predation, parasitism and disease |
| Give 2 examples of density-independent factors. | Unnatural climate extremes and human disturbances |
| The scientific study of human populations is called ___. | demography |
| What happened to human population growth about 500 years ago? | Human population started growing more rapidly about 500 years ago. |
| ____ is a change from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates. | Demographic transition |
| The first stage of demographic transition is characterized by ___. | low death rate and high birth rate. |
| Demographic transition begins changes in society that ___. | lower the death rate |
| After the industrial revolution, human population experienced ___. | exponential growth |
| Which event in human history triggered exponential population growth? | The industrial revolution |
| By 2050, the human population is expected to hit ____. | 9 billion |
| Which two factors help predict whether a country will have high population growth rates or not? | Social and economic factors |
| Exponential growth rates are typical of countries that have not yet ___. | modernized |
| What are three improvements that helped contribute to the start of exponential growth rate of the human population about 500 years ago? | 1) Improved food supply. 2) Better sanitation 3) Improved medical and health care |
Which of these two age structure diagrams shows the typical human age structure of a typical third world country?,  | A, |
| Which of these two age structure diagrams shows the typical human age structure of a first world modernized country?, | B, |
| The age structure diagram on the right shows a ____ birth rate and a ____ death rate., | high birth rate and high death rate., |
| The age structure diagram on the right shows a ____ birth rate and a ____ death rate., | low birth rate and low death rate., |
