| A | B |
|---|
| Mesophyll cell | where C4 carbon fixation occurs |
| Chlorophyll | pigment that gives chloroplast green color,; uses light energy to split water during photosynthesis |
| Stomate | opening between two guard cells in epidermis of plant; exchanges gases with air; closed in dark depletes C02 |
| Guard Cells | cell that opens/closes stoma by changing shape; allows gas exchange with surrounding air |
| Air spaces | leaf anatomy fig 8-2 |
| Stroma | thick fluid inside inner membrane of chloroplast |
| Thylakoids | disc-shaped sacs suspended in stroma of chloroplast |
| Vein | leaf anatomy fig 8-2 |
| Epidermis | leaf anatomy fig 8-2 |
| Waxy Cuticle | leaf anatomy fig 8-2 |
| Light Reactions | convert sun's energy to chemical energy; take place in membranes of thylakoids in chloroplast |
| Calvin Cycle (Dark Rxn) | makes sugar from CO2, H+ ions, and high-energy electrons from NADPH |
| NADP+ | electron and hydrogen carrier in photosynthesis |
| NADPH | reduced NADP+ |
| Photosystem I | feeds light excited electrons to ETC for H+ and ATP production |
| Photosystem II | Feeds light excited electrons to NADP+ to form NADPH |
| Wavelengths | distance between two adjacent waves |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | range of electromagnetic energy from gamma waves to radio waves |
| Pigments | chemical compound that determines a substance's color; absorbs light energy |
| ATP synthase | protein that uses energy from H+ ions to convert ADP to ATP |
| Electron Transport Chain | sequence of electron carrier molecules that transfer electrons and release energy |
| RuBP | Ribulose BiPhosphate; combines with CO2 forming two molecules of PGA (carbon fixation) |
| PGA | phosphoglyceric acid |
| PGAL | phosphoglyceraldehyde |
| G3P | direct product of photosynthesis; from PGA + ATP + NADPH |
| C3 plants | plants that use only the Calvin cycle to fix CO2 |
| C4 plants | plants in arid climates that first fix C02 to 3 Carbon acid to form 4 Carbon acid |
| CAM | crassulacean-acid metabolism; adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions; stomates open at night, CO2 released in day |
| Rf Values | rates of flow of pigments on TLC |
| Chromatography | separation method for similar molecules based on physical characteristics (mass/polarity) |
| Photorespiration | consumes oxygen, produces CO2, generates no ATP, reduces photosynthesis |
| Carbon fixation | reaction that "fixes" or attaches carbon from CO2 into an organic molecule |
| Rubisco | Catalyzes CO2 fixation; conversion of RuBP to PGA |
