| A | B |
|---|
| waves | rythmic disturbances that carry energy through matter and space |
| medium | material through which a wave transfers energy |
| transverse wave | wave in which the medium moves at right angles to the direction the wave travels |
| crest | the peak of a transverse wave |
| trough | the bottom-most part of a transverse wave |
| wavelength of a transverse wave | from one point on a transverse wave to the same point on the next transverse wave |
| amplitude of a transverse wave | from rest position to crest or from rest position to trough on a transverse wave |
| frequency of a transverse wave | the number of wave crests that pass a given point in one second |
| hertz | the unit of frequency |
| hertz | Hz |
| hertz | one cycle per second |
| wave velocity (v) | how fast the wave moves forward |
| velocity | = wavelength x frequency |
| compressional waves | waves in which the matter/medium vibrates or moves in the same direction the wave travels |
| compression | the "squished together" part of a compressional wave |
| rarefaction | the "spread apart" part of a compressional wave |
| wavelength of a compressional wave | one compression + one rarefaction |
| frequency of a compressional wave | number of compressions that pass given point in one second |
| speed of sound | 344 m/s |
| speed of light | 300,000,000 m/s |
| pitch | highness or lowness of a sound |
| 20-20,000 Hz | frequency range in which humans can hear |
| ultrasonic | frequencies over 20,000 Hz |
| subsonic/infrasonic | frequencies below 20 Hz |
| loudness | human perception of intensity |
| decibels (dB) | measure of the intensity of sound |
| 120 dB- 150 dB | range of intensity that can cause permament deafness |
| Doppler Effect | an increase or decrease in wave frequency caused by motion of the observer or the source |
| music | specific pitches and sound quality and following a regular pattern |
| noise | no set pattern or ne set pitch |
| white noise | all frequencies are present in an equal amplitude |
| resonance | the tendency of an object to vibrate at the same frequency as another vibrating source |
| interference | the ability of two or more waves to combine and form a new wave |
| constructive interference | when two different compressions of a wave arrive at the same place at the same time and makes music sound much louder |
| constructive interference | a.k.a. reinforcement |
| destructive interference | when compressions of one wave meets the rarefaction of another wave which causes a decrease in loudness |
| destructive interference | a.k.a cancellation |
