| A | B |
|---|
| the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells | carcinogenesis |
| substances known to increase the risk for the development of cancer | carcinogens |
| an uncontrolled or abnormal growth of cells | neoplasm |
| not recurrent or progressive; nonmalignant | benign |
| growing worse and resisting treatment; cancerous growths | malignant |
| tumor cells spread to distant parts of the body | malignant |
| malignant cells composed of epithelial cells which tend to metastasize | carcinoma |
| malignant tumor of connective tissues such as bone or muscle | sarcoma |
| Grade 1 tumor | least malignant |
| Grade 4 tumor | most malignant |
| incisional, excisional, apiration | types if biopsies |
| elevated with metastasis to bone or liver | serum alkaline phosphatase |
| increased in thyroid cancer | serum calcitonin |
| increased in colorectal cancer | carcinoembryonic antigen |
| prostate specific antigen | marker for cellular activity of prostate |
| if PSA elevated and positive digital exam follow with this | transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate (TRUS) |
| elevated in gynecological cancers and cancers of the pancreas | CA 125 |
| useful to measure a recurrance of ovarian cancer | CA 125 |
| deprression of bone marrow can cause this decrease in leukocytes | leukopenia |
| depression of bone marrow can cause this probelm with RBC's | anemia |
| depression of bone marrow can cause this reduction in platelets | thrombocytopenia |
| loss of hair cause from destruction of the hair foliicles from chemo | alopecia |
| destruction of the cells in the oral mucosa from chemo | stomatitis |
| rapid destruction of malignant cells causes intracellular compinents to be rapidly realesed into bloodstream | tumor lysis syndrome |
| can lead to kidney failure and need for dialysis | tumor lysis syndrome |
| best preventative treatment for tumor lysis syndrome | hydration |
| uses the body's immune system to fight cancer or to lesson the side efeects of treatment | biotherapy |
| process of replacing diseased or damaged bone marrow with normally functioning bone marrow | bone marrow transplant |
| transplant from another person | allogenic transplant |
| transplant from yourself | autologous transplant |
| a procedure in which circulating stem cells are removed from the blood - an alternative to bone marrow transplant | peripheral stem cell transplant |
| the process of removing peripheral stem cells then returning the blood to the person | leukapheresis |
| profound state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting often seen in end stage cancer patients | cachexia |
| the most common malignancy of childhood | leukemia |
| decreased RBC, WBC and platelets | pancytopenia |
