| A | B |
|---|
| peninsula | a landmass surrounded by water on 3 sides |
| epics | long poems |
| Homer | wrote epics named "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" |
| polis | an independent Greek city-state |
| agora | the central marketplace in Athens |
| oligarchy | a government ruled by a few powerful people |
| Alexandria | city in Egypt with the world's first library |
| Sparta | city-state famous for military way of life |
| Alexander the Great | king of Macedonia who conquered many lands and built city-states like Greece had |
| Persian Wars | Sparta and Athens united to fight a common enemy |
| tyranny | an unfair system of government with one tyrant in power |
| monarchy | "rule by one" - rule by a king or queen |
| democracy | system of government where citizens made their own laws, "power of the people" |
| Crete and Rhodes | the largest islands in the Aegean Sea |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher who tutored Alexander the Great |
| Plato | started first university in Athens |
| Aeschylus | famous for writing tragedies |
| Aristophanes | famous for writing comedies |
| Attica and Peloponnesus | major peninsulas in Aegean World |
| Aegean and Mediterranean | major seas in this chapter |
| Macedonia | empire that conquered greek lands but kept greek culture |
| Pericles | leader of Greece who established the right to trial by jury |
| Athenian democracy | different from modern democracy because only male citizens could vote |
| Olympic Games | honored the Greek god Zeus |
| Peloponnesian Wars | city-states united AGAINST Athens to defeat them |
| Thebes | city south of Alexandria on the Nile River |
| India | the easternmost part of Alexander the Great's empire |
| Phoenician alphabet | had only 22 symbols (today we have 26) |
