| A | B |
|---|
| gametes | cell's reproductive cells |
| binary fission | one celled organisms dividing to form 2 identical offspring |
| somatic cells | body cells |
| chromosome | a coil of DNA |
| sister chromatids | exact copies of DNA that are found in the same chromosome |
| centromere | point of attachment of two chromatids |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content |
| diploid cell | a cell that has the full amount of chromosomes |
| haploid cell | a cell that has ahlf the full amount of chromosomes |
| zygote | a fertilized egg cell |
| deletion mutation | a mutation in which one of the genes of a chromosome is missing |
| duplication mutation | a mutation in which some genes are copied twice |
| inversion mutation | a mutation in which genes are out of place on a chromosome |
| translocation mutation | a mutation in which a gene from a homologous chromosome moves to its partner gene |
| xx | female sex chromosome |
| xy | male sex chromosome |
| autosomes | all chromosomes not involved in determining sex |
| G1 phase | growth interphase of the cell cycle |
| S phase | interphase of cell cycle where DNA is copied |
| G2 phase | interphase of cell cycle where cell is prepared for mitosis |
| prophase | phase of mitosis where chromosomes shorten and thicken, nuclear membrane dissolves and spindles form |
| metaphase | phase of mitosis where chromosomes meet in the middle of the cell |
| anaphase | phase of mitosis where centromeres split and sister chromatids pull apart |
| telophase | phase of mitosis where the nuclear membrane reforms, spindles disappear and chromosomes get long and skinny |
| cytokinesis | the part of the cell cycle where cytoplasm divides |
| mitosis | the part of the cell cycle where the nucleus divides in two |
