| A | B |
|---|
| Argumentum Ad Hominem | to attack the person instead of the argument. Don't listen to him. Ex."Of course she's for increasing school taxes. She's a teacher isn't she?" |
| Argumentum Ad Verecundiam | an appeal to an authority, but in an area outside his/her expertise. Ex."Michael Jordan selling automobiles." |
| Argumentum Ad Populum | It is correct b/c it is popular. Ex.designer clothes/fads, everyone believes a rumor about a student. |
| Argumentum Ad Baculum | Argument by threat, Argument of the stick.Ex."If you don't vote for me for student council I'll break your knee caps." |
| Argumentum Ad Misericordiam | to use emotion or pity to hide the argument. Ex-students pleading about why they don't have their homework |
| Argumentum Ad Ignorantiam | arguing from ignorance. Ex-We don't know that John didn't steal my bag from the gym. He doesn't have an alibi. He can't prove he is innocent. |
| Ignoratio Elenchi | To use another issue-usually emotional-to draw attention away from the real issue.Ex.Hitler's use of the jews to deflect examination of the nazi system |
| Petitio Principii | Assuming your conclusion as your proof. Also called begging the quesiton or circular reasoning. Ex.The student failed the test b/c he is dumb; he is dumb b/c he failed the test. |
