| A | B |
|---|
| Lewis Cass | Named father of "popular sovereignty." Ran for president in 1848 but Gen. Taylor won. |
| Stephen Douglas | He took over for Henry Clay in the Compromise of 1850. |
| Franklin Pierce | elected president in the 1852 election as the second Democratic "dark horse." He was a pro-southern northerner who supported the Compromise of 1850 and especially the Fugitive Slave Law. |
| Zachary Taylor | a general and hero of the Mexican-American war. He was elected to the presidency in 1848, representing the Whig party. He was a good soldier but a poor administrator. |
| John C. Calhoun | a sixty-eight year old South Carolina senator He proposed to leave slavery as it was and restore the slavocracy by returning the runaway slaves to their owners. |
| Winfield Scott | He was the old general figure that the Whigs used to symbolize them. Scott, however, did not win the election of 1852. His personality did not fit with the masses which cost him the election. Pierce won the election of 1852. (P.381) |
| Matthew C. Perry | He was the military leader who convinced the Japanese to sign a treaty in 1853 with the U.S. |
| Henry Clay | Should have been nominated by the Whigs in the 1848 election because he was the ideal Whig. However, he made too many speeches which created too many enemies. |
| Free-Soil Party | this Party was organized by anti-slavery men in the north, democrats who were resentful at Polk's actions, and some conscience Whigs. The Party was against slavery in the new territories. They also advocated federal aid for internal improvements and urged free government homesteads for settlers. |
| Fugitive Slave Law | a law passed just before the Civil War also called the "Bloodhound Bill", slaves who escaped could not testify in their behalf and were not allowed a trial by jury. Those found helping slaves would be fined or jailed. |
| Underground Railroad | chain of anti-slavery homes at which slaves were hidden and taken to the north, Harriet Tubman is known for her role in this |
| Compromise 1850 | This deals with disputed territory, and the controversy of whether California should join and what was left of the Mexican Cession land became New Mexico and Utah, and did not restrict slavery. |
| Ostend manifesto | A group of southerners met with Spanish officials in Belgium to attempt to get more slave territory. They felt this would balance out congress. They tried to buy Cuba but the Spanish would not sell it. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | set forth in 1854, said that Kansas and Nebraska should come into the Union under popular sovereignty. Senator Stephen A. Douglas introduced it, and it pushed the country even closer the Civil War. |
| Hinton Helper | 1875; book entitled 'Impending Crisis of the South' that stirred trouble. Attempted to prove that indirectly the non-slave holding whites were the ones who suffered the most from slavery; |
| John Brown | a militant abolitionist that took radical extremes to make his views clear. In May of 1856, he led a group of his followers to Pottawattamie Creek and launched a bloody attack against pro-slavery men killing five people. |
| Charles Sumner | He was an unpopular senator from Mass., and a leading abolitionist. In 1856, he made an assault in the pro-slavery of South Carolina and the South in his coarse speech, "The Crime Against Kansas." |
| Dred Scott | a black slave who had lived with his master for five years in Illinois and Wisconsin territory. He sued for his freedom on the basis of his long residence in free territory. The Supreme Court ruled he was a black slave and not a citizen. Hence, he could not sue in a federal court. |
| Roger Taney | He was Chief Justice for the Dred Scott case. |
| John Breckinridge | the vice-president elected in 1856. He was nominated for the presidential election of 1860 for the Southern Democrats. After Democrats split, the Northern Democrats would no longer support him. Breckenridge favored the extension of slavery, but was not a Disunionist. |
