| A | B |
|---|
| Every chemical reaction involves a change in | energy |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | mass remains constant |
| How do you control a fire? | concentration of oxygen |
| How do you increase the rate of reation? | concentration of oxygen, surface area, catalysts, and temperature |
| Which two reactions are considered oppposites? | sythesis, decomposition |
| How could you identify a chemical reaction that has taken place? | synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement |
| What happens when chemical bonds break? | atoms are rearranged and new bonds are formed |
| 4 types of substituted hydrocarbons | alcohols, halogen derivatives, organic acids, esters |
| How many bonds can carbon have? | four |
| Hydroylx groups are found in | alcohols |
| Another name for carbon compounds is | organic compounds |
| pure carbon forms | diamond, graphite, coal |
| Which electrons are involved in bonding between atoms? | those located in the outermost energy level |
| Which particles are found in the nucleus? | protons, neutrons |
| A substance that cannot be broken down into simple substances is called | element or atom |
| molecular compound properties | high melting points |
| ionic compound properties | low melting points |
| How do you find the pH of a substance? | litmus paper |
| What does the pH scale measure? | the hydronioum ion concentration |
| acid properties | proton donors, sour taste, turn litmus paper red |
| base properties | bitter taster, turn litmus paper blue |
| How do you calculate density? | divide mass by volume |
| opposite vaporization | condensation |
| Boyle's Law | increase in temp causes increase in volume |
| Charles's Law | increase in pressure causes decrease in volume |
| What condition can affect the boiling point of a substance? | air pressure |
| viscosity | ability of a liquid to flow |
| surface tension | meniscus holds liquid together |
| Which family does not ordinarily form compounds? | family 18 |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus |
| What do element in the same column have in common? | identical properties |
| Which group contains the most elements? | Group 1 |
| At room temperature, most nonmetals are | gas |
| The most reactive metals are | alkali alkaline group |
| properties of metals | luster, ductility, malleable, corrosion |
| What is the SI unit for mass? | gram |
| How do you measure the volume of an irregularly shaped object? | put in water |
| physical changes | change the look |
| chemical changes | change the substance |
| ionic bonding | bonding that involves a transfer of electrons |
| metallic bonding | bond formed by atoms of metals in which the outer electrons of the atoms form a common electron cloud |
| covalent bonding | bonding that involves sharing of electrons |
| proton | positively charges subatomic particles located in the nucleus of an atom |
| polyatomic ion | group of covalently bonded atoms that act like a single atom when combining with other atoms (OH-) |
| period | horizontal row of elements in the periodic table; increase atomic number |
| family | column of elements in the periodic table; group; similar properties |
| solution | homogenous mixture of two or more substances in a single, physical change |
| colloid | homogenous mixture in which the properties are mixed together but not dissolved |
| mixture | matter that consists of two or more substances mixed but not chemically combined |
| neutralization | reaction in which an acid combines with a base to form a salt and water |
| amorphous | lacking clear form |
| density | measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume of an object; mass per unit volume |
| volume | amount of space an object takes up |
| mass | amount of matter in an object |
| solvent | substance that does the dissolving in a solution |
| vaporization | change from a liquid to a gas |
| melting point | temperature at which substance changes from a solid phase to a liquid phase |
| freezing point | temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid phase to a solid phase |
| sublimation | change from a solid phase directly to a gas phase |
| condensation | change from a gas to a liquid |
| pressure | the force that particles of a fluid exert over a certain area due to their weight and motion |
| half-life | amount of time it takes for half th atoms in a given sample of an element to decay |
| nuclear radiation | particles and energy released from a radioactive nucleus |
| gamma ray | high frequency electromagnetic wave released during a gamma decay |
| radioactive decay | process in which a nucleus spontaneously emits particles or rays to become lighter and more stable |
| beta particles | electrons created in the nucleus of an atom released during beta decay |
| alpha particles | weakest tpe of a metal radiation, consists of a helium nucleus released during alpha decay |
| polymer | large molecule in the form of a chain whose links are smaller molecules called monomer |
| halogens | family 17 of the periodic table, elements have seven valence electrons |
| malleable | able to be hammered out into a thin sheet |
| ductile | able to be drawn out into a thin wire |
| matter | anything that has mass and volume |
| atom | smallest part of an element that has all the properties of an element |
| substituted hydrocarbon | hydrocarbon formed when one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon ring or chain released by different atoms or group of atoms |
| subscript | number placed to the lower right of a chemical symbol to indicate the number of atoms of the element in the compound |
| coefficient | number that is placed in front of the symbol or formula in a chemical equation that identifies how many atoms or molecules of a substance are involved in the reaction |
| activation energy | energy required for a chemical reaction to happen; cause the initial collision of molecules |
| endothermic reaction | a chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed |
| exothermic reaction | chemical reaction in which energy is released |
| product | substance produced by a chemical reaction |
| reactant | substance that enters a chemical reaction |
| chemical symbol | shorthand way of representing an element |
| chemical formula | combination of chemical symbols used to represent a compound |
| chemical equation | expression in which symbols, formulas, and numbers are used to represent chemical reaction |
| nucleus | small dense positively charged center of an atom |
| neutron | subatomic particle with no charge located in the nucleus of an atom |
| electron | negatively charged subatomic particle found in the area outside the nucleus of an atom |
| electron cloud | space in which electrons are likely to be found |
