| A | B |
|---|
| Compression | Force that pushes on rocks of the crust |
| Tension | Force that pulls on rocks of the crust |
| Shearing | Force that pushes in two opposite horizontal directions |
| Reverse Fault | Hanging wall moves up the dip of the fault |
| Normal Fault | Hanging wall moves down the dip of the fault |
| Strike-Slip Fault | Two sides of the fault move in opposite horizontal directions |
| Transform | Plates move horizontally past one another |
| Anticline | Upwards bend in rock |
| Syncline | Downwards bend in rock |
| Lithosphere | Outer portion of Earth that contains the crust |
| Mantle | Middle portion of Earth that contains the asthenosphere |
| Core | Center portion of the Earth |
| Earthquake | Shaking of the Earth's crust |
| Tsunami | Giant sea wave caused by an earthquake |
| Focus | Point inside Earth where an earthquake begins |
| Epicenter | Point on the Earth's surface where the most violent shaking occurs |
| P-wave | Fastest seismic wave |
| S-wave | Seismic wave that arrives second at a recording station |
| L-wave | Last seismic wave to arrive at a recording station |
| Seismograph | Instrument used to record seismic activity |
| Seismogram | Record of waves |
| Richter Scale | Used to calculate the strength, or magnitude, of an earthquake |
| Mercalli Scale | Used to determine the intensity of an earthquake |
| Volcano | Place in the Earth's surface through which magma erupts |
| Cinder Cone | Volcano formed by explosive eruptions of rock and ash |
| Shield Volcano | Dome-shaped volcanoes formed by quiet lava flows |
| Composite Volcano | Formed by violent eruptions followed by quiet lava flows |
| Ring of Fire | Major earthquake and volcano zone that surrounds the Pacific Ocean |
| Divergent | Boundary where plates are moving away from each other |
| Convergent | Boundary where plates are moving towards from each other |
| Wegener | Proposed the idea of continental drift |
| Pangaea | Name for the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago |
